Nanocrystalline/Amorphous Tuning of Al-Fe-Nb (Mn) Alloy Powders Produced via High-Energy Ball Milling.

The demand for advanced Al-based alloys with tailored structural and magnetic properties has intensified for applications requiring a high thermal stability and performance under challenging conditions. This study investigated the phase evolution, magnetic properties, thermal stability, and microstructural changes in the Al-based alloys AlFeNb and AlFeNbMn, synthesized via mechanical alloying (MA), using stearic acid as a process control agent. The X-ray diffraction results indicated that AlFeNb achieved a β-phase solid solution with 13-14 nm crystallite sizes after 5 h of milling, reaching an amorphous state after 10 h.

Causal analyses in longitudinal observational studies in oral health: A scoping review.

Objective: Causal analysis including causal inference and causal mediation is pivotal to inform effective interventions. In modern epidemilogy, causal analysis involves four key steps: formulating causal questions, employing directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), conducting data management and selecting statistical strategies. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review to assess how longitudinal observational studies (LOSs) in dental field have integrated these four steps to contribute leverage evidence that inform oral public health interventions.

A Resident Led Newsletter Is a Powerful Communication Tool.

Background: Communication with stakeholders for a graduate medical education (GME) program depends on shared visual and written content. Residency training programs are embracing social media as a communication channel. However, curated information that may only be viewed by subscribers or followers is difficult to archive and may appear overwhelming to novice users.

Effectiveness of using a patient education mobile application to improve the quality of bowel preparation: a randomised controlled trial.

Aims: To determine the effectiveness of a mobile application (app) in improving the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy.

Method: An endoscopist-blinded randomised controlled trial enrolled patients who were undergoing a colonoscopy on the same day of bowel preparation. The intervention used a Vietnamese mobile app that provides instructions on bowel preparation while patients in the comparison group received conventional instructions.

Clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings, and lower esophageal sphincter characteristics in patients with absent contractility.

Absent contractility is a rare esophageal motility disorder defined by high-resolution manometry which remains poorly understood in pathogenesis and management. We investigated the clinical symptoms, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings, and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) characteristics in adult patients diagnosed with absent contractility on high resolution manometry and factors associated with erosive esophagitis that were found on endoscopy in these patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with absent contractility who were examined at the Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vietnam between March 2018 and December 2020.

Pairwise approach for analysis and reporting of child's free sugars intake from a birth cohort study.

Objectives: The prospective cohort design is an important research design, but a common challenge is missing data. The purpose of this study is to compare three approaches to managing missing data, the pairwise (n = 1386 children), the partial or modified pairwise (n = 1019) and the listwise (n = 546), to characterize the trajectories of children's free sugars intake (FSI) across early childhood.

Methods: By applying the Group-based Trajectory Model Technique to three waves of data collected from a prospective cohort study of South Australian children, this study examined the three approaches in managing missing data to validate and discuss children's FSI trajectories.

Group-based trajectories of maternal intake of sugar-sweetened beverage and offspring oral health from a prospective birth cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate the trajectory of maternal intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) during the first five years of their child's life and its effect on the child's dental caries at five years-of-age.

Methods: This is an ongoing prospective population-based birth cohort study in Adelaide, Australia. Mothers completed questionnaires on their SSB intake, socioeconomic factors and health behaviors at the birth of their child and at the ages of one, two and five years.

Translation, validation and psychometric properties of Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire among nurses in Vietnam.

We translated the Effort-Reward imbalance questionnaire, an instrument for measuring work stress, into the Vietnamese language and investigated its psychometric properties among nurses in Vietnam. In a hospital-based cross-sectional study design, we sampled and interviewed 207 nurses working full-time (response rate 83%). We evaluated the internal consistency using standardized Cronbach's alpha coefficients and structural validity using confirmatory factor analysis.

Sustainable Use of spp. to Improve Traditional Poultry Farming through an Efficient Trapping System in Burkina Faso.

This study aimed to promote the use of termites as feed in traditional poultry farming by developing sustainable and inexpensive termite trapping techniques. Various tests were carried out in Burkina Faso to improve the traditional technique of trapping termites of the genus using a reversed container filled with organic matters. We studied the effect of containers' types, substrates, habitats, harvesting times, duration of trap deposition, and season on the quantity of termites trapped.

Correction: Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for acute and sub-acute TBI.

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Trends in, projections of, and inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health service coverage in Vietnam 2000-2030: A Bayesian analysis at national and sub-national levels.

Background: To assess the reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) service coverage in Vietnam with trends in 2000-2014, projections and probability of achieving targets in 2030 at national and sub-national levels; and to analyze the socioeconomic, regional and urban-rural inequalities in RMNCH service indicators.

Methods: We used national population-based datasets of 44,624 households in Vietnam from 2000 to 2014. We applied Bayesian regression models to estimate the trends in and projections of RMNCH indicators and the probabilities of achieving the 2030 targets.

Chronic Fentanyl Self-Administration Generates a Shift toward Negative Affect in Rats during Drug Use.

Drug addiction is thought to be driven by negative reinforcement, and it is thought that a shift from positive affect upon initial exposure to negative affect after chronic exposure to a drug is responsible for maintaining self-administration (SA) in addicted individuals. This can be modeled in rats by analyzing ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), a type of intraspecies communication indicative of affective state based on the frequency of the emission: calls in the 22 kHz range indicate negative affect, whereas calls in the 50 kHz range indicate positive affect. We employed a voluntary chronic, long-access model of fentanyl SA to analyze affective changes in the response to chronic fentanyl exposure.

Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV and associated high-risk behaviours and clinical characteristics: A cross-sectional survey in Vietnam.

Although Vietnam has promoted the utilisation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) towards HIV elimination targets, adherence to treatment has remained under-investigated. We aimed to describe high-risk behaviours and clinical characteristics by adherence status and to identify the factors associated with non-adherence. We included 426 people living with HIV (PLWH) currently or previously involved in HAART.

Comparing a standard and tailored approach to scaling up an evidence-based intervention for antiretroviral therapy for people who inject drugs in Vietnam: study protocol for a cluster randomized hybrid type III trial.

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) bear a disproportionate burden of HIV infection and experience poor outcomes. A randomized trial demonstrated the efficacy of an integrated System Navigation and Psychosocial Counseling (SNaP) intervention in improving HIV outcomes, including antiretroviral therapy (ART) and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) uptake, viral suppression, and mortality. There is limited evidence about how to effectively scale such intervention.

Healthcare Workers' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding the World Health Organization's "My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene": Evidence From a Vietnamese Central General Hospital.

Objectives: Although the World Health Organization (WHO) initiative "My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene" has been lauded as effective in preventing hospital-associated infections, little is known about healthcare workers (HCWs)' hand hygiene behavior. In this study, we sought to assess knowledge and attitudes towards the concepts in this initiative, as well as associated factors, among Vietnamese HCWs at a general hospital.

Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to HCWs at a central Vietnamese general hospital in 2015.

An adaptive model of health system organization and responses helped Vietnam to successfully halt the Covid-19 pandemic: What lessons can be learned from a resource-constrained country.

Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic has been painful and no single model for such a purpose is perfect. However, sharing experiences is the best way for countries to learn real-time lessons and adapt to this rapidly changing pandemic. This commentary shares with the international community how an adaptive model of health system organization and responses helped Vietnam to break transmission of coronavirus.

Multilevel Analysis of 24-Hour Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Associated Factors among Police Officers in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Background: Due to long-hour outdoor working environment, policemen have been subjected to tremendous health risks including blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). In tropical countries, the temperature is extremely harsh which may get peak at above 40 Celsius degrees or drops under 8 Celsius degrees. However, the existing data on the effects of weather variation on BP and HR among police task force has been scarce in Vietnam.

Changes in, and predictors of, quality of life among patients with unstable angina after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: Changes in, and predictors of, quality of life (QoL) among unstable angina patients are informative for both clinical and public health practice. However, there is little research on this topic, especially in health care settings with limited resources. This study aims to detect changes in QoL and its associated factors among patients with unstable angina after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for acute and sub-acute TBI.

In the U.S., approximately 1.

Cardiac dysregulation following intrahippocampal kainate-induced status epilepticus.

Status epilepticus (SE) is a prevalent disorder associated with significant morbidity, including the development of epilepsy and mortality. Cardiac arrhythmias (i.e.

Stakeholder Engagement in Late-Stage Translation Phase 4 Research for Noncommunicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: What Works and Why-The Vietnam Experience (UMMS-Vietnam Team).

Background: Stakeholder engagement is crucial for conducting high-quality implementation research as well as for the incorporation and adoption of health interventions and policies in the community.

Objectives: This study sought to build a mutually rewarding collaboration between stakeholders in Vietnam and investigators in the United States.

Methods: A collaboration was established between investigators from several institutions in Vietnam and the University of Massachusetts Medical School that was built on mutual trust, cross-cultural learning, and shared experiences.

Factors Associated with Depression among the Elderly Living in Urban Vietnam.

The proportion of elderly people in big cities of developing countries, including Vietnam, is rapidly increasing during the age of rampant urbanization. This is being followed by a sustained rise of illnesses, especially mental health issues. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between depression and the factors associated with depression among the elderly.

Effect of Exercise and Aβ Protein Infusion on Long-Term Memory-Related Signaling Molecules in Hippocampal Areas.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) results from over-production and aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) oligopeptides in the brain. The benefits of regular physical exercise are now recognized in a variety of disorders including AD. In order to understand the effect of exercise at the molecular level, we studied the impact of exercise on long-term memory-related signaling molecules in an AD rat model.

Variation Overtime among Patients of the Six Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinics in Thai Nguyen from 2011 to 2015.

Background: Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) program's success depends on the likelihood of reducing drop-out rate and keeping patients remaining in the program. There have been neither comprehensive studies about variation among patients who have been experiencing MMT for long period nor prediction of MMT period in which the risk of drop-out would be the highest in Thai Nguyen, a northern mountainous province where the MMT was established in 2011.

Objectives: To analyze variation of the MMT population through indicators of drop-out and death, re-enrolment, and retention rate in the six Thai Nguyen MMT clinics.