Managing Pediatric Asthma Exacerbations: The Role of Timely Systemic Corticosteroid Administration in Emergency Care Settings-A Multicentric Retrospective Study.

Background: Asthma is the most prevalent chronic respiratory condition in children. An asthma exacerbation (AE) is a frequent reason for emergency department (ED) visits. An important step in the management of a moderate to severe AE is the administration of systemic corticosteroids (SCS) within 1 h after ED presentation.

Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome: a comprehensive review of reported cases.

Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by vitamin B12 malabsorption. Most patients present with non-specific symptoms attributed to vitamin B12 deficiency, and proteinuria. Patients may if untreated, develop severe neurocognitive manifestations.

Impact of New vs. Old International Children's Continence Society Standardization on the Classification of Treatment Naïve Enuresis Children at Screening: The Value of Voiding Diaries and Questionnaires.

Unlabelled: Expert consensus papers recommend differentiating enuresis using questionnaires and voiding diaries into non- (NMNE) and monosymptomatic enuresis (MNE) is crucial at intake to decide the most appropriate workout and treatment. This national, Belgian, prospective study investigates the correlation, consistency, and added value of the two methods, the new against the old International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) definitions, and documents the prevalence of the two enuresis subtypes in our population. Ninety treatment-naïve enuretic children were evaluated with the questionnaire, and the voiding diary and the two clinical management tools were compared.

Belgian Consensus Recommendations to Prevent Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in the Term and Preterm Infant.

Neonatal vitamin K prophylaxis is essential to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) with a clear benefit compared to placebo. Various routes (intramuscular (IM), oral, intravenous (IV)) and dosing regimens were explored. A literature review was conducted to compare vitamin K regimens on VKDB incidence.

Unusual presentation of a five-month-old boy with NaPi2a homozygous mutation without hyperphosphaturia: Case report and review of the literature.

Deletions of the gene and mutations in the gene should be considered in patients with atypical presentation, without phosphaturia, with mild hypo to normal phosphatemia, and nephrocalcinosis.

Bronchiolitis in COVID-19 times: a nearly absent disease?

Stay-at-home orders, physical distancing, face masks and other non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) do not only impact COVID-19, but also the dynamics of various other infectious diseases. Bronchiolitis is a clinically diagnosed viral infection of the lower respiratory tract, and causes a yearly seasonal wave of admissions in paediatric wards worldwide. We counted 92,5% less bronchiolitis hospitalisations in Antwerp before the expected end of the peak this year (of which only 1 RSV positive), as compared to the last 3 years.

Ontogeny and Cross-species Comparison of Pathways Involved in Drug Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion in Neonates (Review): Kidney.

The kidneys play an important role in many processes, including urine formation, water conservation, acid-base equilibrium, and elimination of waste. The anatomic and functional development of the kidney has different maturation time points in humans versus animals, with critical differences between species in maturation before and after birth. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs vary depending on age and maturation, which will lead to differences in toxicity and efficacy.

A devastating case of diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with extensive cerebral infarction; why we need to do better.

A 4-year-old girl with diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS) was transferred to the PICU of our center due to deteriorating renal function and neurological involvement. On admission, a comatous child was seen with hypoventilation and she was placed on mechanical ventilation. Hemodialysis was commenced but plasma exchange was discontinued due to repeated hypersensitivity reactions.

Multi-center randomized controlled trial of cognitive treatment, placebo, oxybutynin, bladder training, and pelvic floor training in children with functional urinary incontinence.

Objective: Functional urinary incontinence causes considerable morbidity in 8.4% of school-age children, mainly girls. To compare oxybutynin, placebo, and bladder training in overactive bladder (OAB), and cognitive treatment and pelvic floor training in dysfunctional voiding (DV), a multi-center controlled trial was designed, the European Bladder Dysfunction Study.

Improving the cure rate of alarm treatment for monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis by increasing bladder capacity--a randomized controlled trial in children.

Purpose: We prospectively assessed response and cure rates of alarm treatment, following pretreatment with antimuscarinics and/or holding exercises aimed at increasing maximum volume voided in 149 children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.

Materials And Methods: In a prior trial the same 149 children had been randomized into 5 groups to assess interventions for increasing maximum volume voided, namely placebo or antimuscarinics with (groups A and B, respectively) and without (C and D, respectively) holding exercises, and a control group (E) receiving just alarm treatment. Following pretreatment groups A to D received alarm treatment.

Urine output rate and maximum volume voided in school-age children with and without nocturnal enuresis.

Objective: To compare urine volumes voided and output rates in prepubertal children with and without monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE), to investigate the balance between nocturnal urine output and functional bladder capacity.

Study Design: In 76 prepubertal children with MNE, all voidings were collected over 48 hours: bedwetting volume (BWV), early-morning voiding after a dry night (EMV), and other voided volumes (VV). Output rates were calculated based on volumes voided and time intervals.

Do holding exercises or antimuscarinics increase maximum voided volume in monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis? A randomized controlled trial in children.

Purpose: We assessed prospectively the efficacy of holding exercises and/or antimuscarinics (oxybutynin chloride and placebo) for increasing maximum voided volume in prepubertal children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.

Materials And Methods: We randomly allocated 149 children to 5 groups, namely holding exercises with placebo (group A), holding exercises with oxybutynin (group B), placebo alone (group C), oxybutynin alone (group D) and alarm treatment (controls, group E). Maximum voided volume was the greatest voided volume from a 48-hour bladder diary, and holding exercise volume was the greatest volume produced with postponement of voiding after a fluid load, once daily for 4 days.

Self-reported urinary incontinence, voiding frequency, voided volume and pad-test results: variables in a prospective study in children.

Objective: To determine the congruence between self-reported and objective data on incontinence, voided volume (VV) and voiding frequency (VF), in a prospective study of treatment of functional urinary incontinence (UI) due to urge syndrome or dysfunctional voiding in children.

Patients And Methods: In all, 202 children, enrolled in the European Bladder Dysfunction Study (EBDS), provided self-reported data on UI, VV and VF, before and after treatment, with validated questionnaires and 72-h voiding diaries. Objective data were obtained with uroflowmetry and a 12-h pad test, also before and after treatment.

Circadian variation of voided volume in normal school-age children.

Functional bladder capacity (FBC) and urine output are important variables in the management of incontinence and nocturnal enuresis. The lack of reference ranges for FBC vs. age, and the arbitrarily defined time-windows for measuring urine output, impede the clinical use of these variables in children.

Functional urinary and fecal incontinence in neurologically normal children: symptoms of one 'functional elimination disorder'?

Objective: To clarify the relationship between disordered defecation and non-neuropathic bladder-sphincter dysfunction (NNBSD) by comparing the prevalence of symptoms of disordered defecation in children with NNBSD before and after treatment for urinary incontinence (UI), and assessing the effect of such symptoms on the cure rate for UI.

Patients And Methods: In the European Bladder Dysfunction Study, a prospective multicentre study comparing treatment plans for children with NNBSD, 202 children completed questionnaires on voiding and on defecation, at entry and after treatment for UI. Four symptoms of disordered defecation were evaluated; low defecation frequency, painful defecation, fecal soiling, and encopresis.