Novel Method for Measuring Ambient Heat Exposure-Acute Healthcare Utilization Associations Within a Safety Net: A Retrospective, Longitudinal Study.

Background: Extreme and inequitable heat exposures cause weather-related deaths. Associations between maximum daily temperature and individual-level healthcare utilization have been inadequately characterized.

Objective: To evaluate and compare demographic and clinical associations for an individual's healthcare utilization between high- and low-temperature periods.

Exploring the Benefits of Stroboscopic Technology and Guided Visualization in Teaching Suturing Techniques to Veterinary Medicine Students.

Suturing is widely regarded to be a core competency of veterinary education. With curricular requirements expanding, training interventions that improve students' suturing skills without added time would be valuable. This study evaluated the effects of stroboscopic visual resistance training, a technique using intermittent occlusion of vision, and guided visualization on suturing technique and speed.

Etiology and Outcomes of Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis in Children.

Objective: To determine the causes of conjunctivitis and whether clinical presentations and outcomes differ by pathogen.

Study Design: This multicenter, case-control study enrolled 390 children (194 cases, 196 controls) whose conjunctival samples were tested for bacterial and viral pathogens. Caregivers completed surveys tracking symptoms, antibiotic use, school attendance, and adverse events.

Evaluation of Mean Plasma Glucose Levels Using HbA1C in Patients With Severe Eating Disorders.

Objective: Hypoglycemia causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients with severe eating disorders. We measured average glycemic levels using hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) in patients hospitalized for extreme anorexia nervosa (AN) and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).

Methods: This was a prospective, single-center cohort study conducted in an inpatient medical stabilization unit.

Cost-Effectiveness of Pediatric Conjunctivitis Management and Return to Childcare and School Strategies: A Comparative Study.

Background: Infectious conjunctivitis affects 1 in 8 children annually, resulting in high ophthalmic antibiotic prescribing and absenteeism from childcare and school. We aimed to quantify the cost-effectiveness and annual savings of 3 evidence-based approaches to conjunctivitis management and return to childcare and school compared to usual care.

Methods: Using a decision analytic model from a societal perspective over a 1-year time horizon, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of 3 management strategies for children aged 6 months to 17 years with non-severe conjunctivitis compared to usual care in the United States.

Miracle friends and miracle money in California: a mixed-methods experiment of social support and guaranteed income for people experiencing homelessness.

Background: This paper describes the protocols for a randomized controlled trial using a parallel-group trial design that includes an intervention designed to address social isolation and loneliness among people experiencing homelessness known as Miracle Friends and an intervention that combines Miracles Friends with an economic poverty-reduction intervention known as Miracle Money. Miracle Friends pairs an unhoused person with a volunteer "phone buddy." Miracle Money provides guaranteed basic income of $750 per month for 1 year to Miracle Friends participants.

Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccines Among Pregnant and Recently Pregnant Individuals.

Importance: Pregnant people and infants are at high risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Understanding changes in attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines among pregnant and recently pregnant people is important for public health messaging.

Objective: To assess attitudinal trends regarding COVID-19 vaccines by (1) vaccination status and (2) race, ethnicity, and language among samples of pregnant and recently pregnant Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) members from 2021 to 2023.

Interventions to de-implement unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for ear infections (DISAPEAR Trial): protocol for a cluster-randomized trial.

Background: Watchful waiting management for acute otitis media (AOM), where an antibiotic is used only if the child's symptoms worsen or do not improve over the subsequent 2-3 days, is an effective approach to reduce antibiotic exposure for children with AOM. However, studies to compare the effectiveness of interventions to promote watchful waiting are lacking. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness and implementation outcomes of two pragmatic, patient-centered interventions designed to facilitate use of watchful waiting in clinical practice.

Associations between low body weight, weight loss, and medical instability in adults with eating disorders.

Objective: The physical complications of atypical anorexia nervosa remain understudied, with most studies completed in adolescents. This study seeks to examine the impact of various weight measures as predictors of medical instability in a large cohort of adult eating disorder patients.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the impact of admission body mass index (BMI), weight suppression, and recent weight loss (the rate of weight loss within the last 12 months) toward the development of medical complications of malnutrition were examined.

Cost-Effectiveness of AF Screening With 2-Week Patch Monitors: The mSToPS Study.

Background: The mSToPS study (mHealth Screening to Prevent Strokes) reported screening older Americans at risk for atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke using 2-week patch monitors was associated with increased rates of AF diagnosis and anticoagulant prescription within 1 year and improved clinical outcomes at 3 years relative to matched controls. Cost-effectiveness of this AF screening approach has not been explored.

Methods: We conducted a US-based health economic analysis of AF screening using patient-level data from mSToPS.

Reducing length of antibiotics for children with ear infections: protocol for a cluster-randomized trial in the USA.

Preventing unnecessarily long durations of antibiotic therapy is a key opportunity to reduce antibiotic overuse in children 2 years of age and older with acute otitis media (AOM). Pragmatic interventions to reduce durations of therapy that can be effectively scaled and sustained are urgently needed. This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating the effectiveness and implementation outcomes of two low-cost interventions of differing intensities to increase guideline-concordant antibiotic durations in children with AOM.

Gabapentin, melatonin, and acepromazine combination prior to hospital visits decreased stress scores in aggressive and anxious dogs in a prospective clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate sedative and behavioral effects of a client-administered preappointment protocol with PO gabapentin and melatonin and oral-transmucosal acepromazine (GMA protocol).

Animals: 45 client-owned dogs between 1 and 12 years old that underwent standardize examinations between February and August 2021.

Methods: In this clinical trial, dogs with a history of anxiety, fearfulness, and/or aggression during hospital visits were assessed and videotaped before (baseline) and after administration of the GMA protocol.

Efficacy, perception, and utilization of pediatric teledermatology: A systematic review.

Background: The use of teledermatology abruptly expanded with the arrival of COVID-19. Here, we review recent studies regarding the efficacy, perception, and utilization of telemedicine in the pediatric population.

Objective: To evaluate the current state of pediatric teledermatology.

Post-pubertal developmental trajectories of laryngeal shape and size in humans.

Laryngeal morphotypes have been hypothesized related to both phonation and to laryngeal pathologies. Morphotypes have not been validated or demonstrated quantitatively and sources of shape and size variation are incompletely understood but are critical for the explanation of behavioral changes (e.g.

The burden of Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP): Costs and quality of life of women and men with CPP treated in outpatient referral centers.

Introduction: Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) is a complex, multifaceted condition that affects both women and men. There is limited literature on the cost utilization the healthcare system and CPP patients incur. The purpose of this analysis is to characterize the overall healthcare utilization, cost burden, and quality-of-life restrictions experienced by CPP patients using data from an outpatient pelvic rehabilitation practice.

Intramuscular alfaxalone with or without buprenorphine or hydromorphone provides sedation with minimal adverse effects in healthy rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a randomized blinded controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of alfaxalone administered IM with or without buprenorphine or hydromorphone in healthy rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Animals: 24 male rabbits undergoing elective orchiectomy between August 21, 2021, and November 6, 2021.

Procedures: In this controlled clinical trial, rabbits were randomly assigned to receive alfaxalone (4 mg/kg, IM) alone (group A; n = 8) or with buprenorphine (0.

Rock-Climbing Shoes: A Survey of Attitudes and Practices.

Background: There is a paucity of literature regarding rock climbing footwear. Rock climbers anecdotally voice numerous complaints regarding their current footwear. In an effort to improve existing rock-climbing footwear, implementation of a survey tool assessing the attitudes and practices of rock climbers was undertaken.

A proposed algorithm for evaluation and management of pediatric hemophilia patients who present to the emergency department with head trauma.

Hemophilia is the deficiency of plasma clotting factor VIII (hemophilia A) or IX (hemophilia B) where management focuses on the prevention and treatment of acute bleeding symptoms and their sequelae. The most concerning risk is for life-threatening bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), which is caused by head trauma. Guidelines exist for the evaluation and management of pediatric head trauma, including the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) protocol, but limited evidence exists for when hemophilia patients present to the emergency department (ED), specifically with head trauma.

Opioid-Free Anesthesia and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists: Barriers to Implementation.

While knowledge surrounding opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) has increased in current literature, there is an absence of research specific to nurse anesthesia practice. This study aimed to identify the number of surveyed Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) who incorporated OFA into practice and uncovered barriers to its implementation. This quantitative survey solicited data from 2,883 CRNAs across the United States.