Secrecy Versus Disclosure: Women with Substance Use Disorders Share Experiences in Help Seeking During Pregnancy.

Objectives: Substance misuse during pregnancy can be harmful to the health of both mothers and infants. Existing recovery services or prenatal care for pregnant women with substance use disorders (SUD) in the U.S.

Data from a pre-publication independent replication initiative examining ten moral judgement effects.

We present the data from a crowdsourced project seeking to replicate findings in independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. In this Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) initiative, 25 research groups attempted to replicate 10 moral judgment effects from a single laboratory's research pipeline of unpublished findings. The 10 effects were investigated using online/lab surveys containing psychological manipulations (vignettes) followed by questionnaires.

Smoking, the xenobiotic pathway, and clubfoot.

Background: Isolated clubfoot is a common orthopedic birth defect that affects approximately 135,000 newborns worldwide. It is characterized by ankle equinus, hindfoot varus, and forefoot adductus. Although numerous studies suggest a multifactorial etiology, the specific genetic and environmental components have yet to be delineated.

Axial-shear strain imaging for differentiating benign and malignant breast masses.

Axial strain imaging has been utilized for the characterization of breast masses for over a decade; however, another important feature namely the shear strain distribution around breast masses has only recently been used. In this article, we examine the feasibility of utilizing in vivo axial-shear strain imaging for differentiating benign from malignant breast masses. Radio-frequency data was acquired using a VFX 13-5 linear array transducer on 41 patients using a Siemens SONOLINE Antares real-time clinical scanner at the University of Wisconsin Breast Cancer Center.

Elastic nonlinearity imaging.

Previous work has demonstrated improved diagnostic performance of highly trained breast radiologists when provided with B-mode plus elastography images over B-mode images alone. In those studies we have observed that elasticity imaging can be difficult to perform if there is substantial motion of tissue out of the image plane. So we are extending our methods to 3D/4D elasticity imaging with 2D arrays.

Linear and nonlinear elasticity imaging of soft tissue in vivo: demonstration of feasibility.

We establish the feasibility of imaging the linear and nonlinear elastic properties of soft tissue using ultrasound. We report results for breast tissue where it is conjectured that these properties may be used to discern malignant tumors from benign tumors. We consider and compare three different quantities that describe nonlinear behavior, including the variation of strain distribution with overall strain, the variation of the secant modulus with overall applied strain and finally the distribution of the nonlinear parameter in a fully nonlinear hyperelastic model of the breast tissue.

Differentiating benign from malignant solid breast masses with US strain imaging.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonographic (US) strain imaging for distinguishing between benign and malignant solid breast masses, with biopsy results as the reference standard.

Materials And Methods: The study was institutional review board approved and HIPAA compliant. Informed consent was obtained from all participating patients.

In vitro uterine strain imaging: preliminary results.

Objective: Uterine abnormalities, such as leiomyomas, endometrial polyps, and adenomyosis, are often clinically associated with irregular uterine bleeding. These abnormalities can have similar B-mode characteristics but require different treatment. The objective of this study was to develop diagnostic techniques based on ultrasound strain imaging that would allow in vivo visualization and characterization of endometrial and myometrial uterine abnormalities, enabling physicians to improve diagnosis and treatment.

A novel image formation method for ultrasonic strain imaging.

This paper presents a new method for forming high-quality ultrasonic strain images. To achieve this goal, three radiofrequency echo frames are selected by an automated performance assessment method and used to generate two parent strain images located in the same physical grid from which a high quality composite strain image may be calculated by averaging. The automatic performance evaluation method combines the consistency among the two parent strain images and the accuracy of motion tracking into a single summary "displacement quality measure.

A novel performance descriptor for ultrasonic strain imaging: a preliminary study.

Ultrasonic strain imaging that uses signals from conventional diagnostic ultrasound systems is capable of showing the contrast of tissue elasticity, which provides new diagnostically valuable information. To assess and improve the diagnostic performance of ultrasonic strain imaging, it is essential to have a quantitative measure of image quality. Moreover, it is useful if the image quality measure is simple to interpret and can be used for visual feedback while scanning and as a training tool for operator performance evaluation.