Factors guiding gastrostomy tube decision-making for caregivers of children with cystic fibrosis: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: While ensuring appropriate growth is essential for all children, optimising nutritional status in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is critical for improving health outcomes. Nutritional challenges in CF are multifactorial and malnutrition is common. While gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) can improve weight status in individuals with CF, they also have common and chronic complications resulting in clinical equipoise.

Association between modifiable social determinants and mental health among post-9/11 Veterans: A systematic review.

Introduction: As U.S. Veterans reintegrate from active duty to civilian life, many are at risk for negative modifiable social determinants of health.

Behavioral weight-loss interventions for patients with NAFLD: A systematic scoping review.

Background: Clinically significant weight loss-which requires sustained dietary and physical activity changes-is central to treating NAFLD. Although behavioral interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in promoting weight loss among primary prevention populations, the data are limited among patients with NAFLD who need weight loss for treatment. We undertook this scoping review to map the existing data on the characteristics, weight-loss outcomes, and determinants of success of interventions evaluated among patients with NAFLD.

Assessing the Gap in Adolescent Emergency Care Training for Emergency Medicine Residents: A Systematic Review.

Over 1.5 million U.S.

Viral Infections and Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Meta-analysis.

Context: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease affecting preterm infants. Studies implicate viral infections in etiopathogenesis.

Objective: To summarize the association of viral infections with NEC by systematic review and meta-analysis.

Prognostic value of echocardiographic parameters in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Prognostication of mortality and decision to offer extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can inform clinical management.

Objective: To summarise the prognostic value of echocardiography in infants with CDH.

Methods: Electronic databases Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and conference proceedings up to July 2022 were searched.

Validated assessment tools for screen media use: A systematic review.

Objective: Accurate measurement of adult and child screen media use are needed to robustly assess its impact on health outcomes. Our objective was to systematically review screen media use measurement tools that have been validated against an objective "gold standard" tool.

Methods: The search strategy was initially conducted in Medline Ovid and translated to Embase, Web of Science, PsychInfo and Cochrane.

Outcomes of Exercise Interventions in Patients With Advanced Liver Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Introduction: Frailty and sarcopenia are common complications of advanced liver disease. Owing to associated morbidity/mortality, there have been targeted efforts to prevent and/or improve both by enrolling these patients in focused exercise programs. This review systematically analyzes the data of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on anthropometric, physical fitness, quality-of-life, and safety outcomes of exercise interventions in patients with advanced liver disease.

Predictors of Delayed Enophthalmos After Orbital Fractures: A Systematic Review.

Orbital fractures are a commonly encountered problem with 7-10% of patients developing delayed enophthalmos when managed conservatively with observation. To characterize the literature regarding incidence of delayed enophthalmos among patients with untreated unilateral isolated orbital wall fractures and determine what factors may predict this untoward outcome. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were adhered to and a literature search was conducted using multiple medical subject headings (MeSH) headings.

Ultrasound for the diagnosis of malrotation and volvulus in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: Despite the advantages of ultrasound (US), upper gastrointestinal contrast series (UGI) remains the first-line diagnostic modality in the diagnosis of midgut malrotation and volvulus in children.

Objective: Evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of US in the diagnosis of malrotation with or without volvulus in children and adolescents aged 0-21 years, compared with the reference standard (diagnosis by surgery, UGI, CT, MRI, and clinical follow-up individually or as a composite).

Data Sources: We searched the electronic databases Ovid-MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and the Cochrane library in October 2019 and updated on 18 August 2020.

Positional Installation of Intranasal Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objectives: First-line treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis includes topical corticosteroids aimed at decreasing inflammation of sinonasal mucosa. No guidelines exist regarding the effect of head position during administration of corticosteroids. We hypothesize certain positions enhance delivery to the paranasal sinuses, with further improvement in delivery after sinus surgery.

Systematic review with meta-analysis: prevalence of prior and concurrent Barrett's oesophagus in oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients.

Background: The proportions of patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) diagnosed by Barrett's oesophagus surveillance or with pre-existing Barrett's oesophagus are unclear.

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of prior and concurrent Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis among patients with OAC or oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinomas (OGJAC).

Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase to identify studies published 1966-1/8/2020 that examined the prevalence of prior (≥6 months) or concurrent Barrett's diagnosis (at cancer diagnosis) among OAC and OGJAC patients.

Women Have a Lower Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease but a Higher Risk of Progression vs Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: The risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression may differ between men and women. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the relationship between sex and NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and advanced NAFLD fibrosis.

Methods: Studies reporting sex-stratified NAFLD prevalence among population-based samples and either NASH or advanced fibrosis among patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through December 2017.

Airway Microbiome and Development of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: To summarize evidence regarding microbial dysbiosis of the airway associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and to explore heterogeneity among studies.

Study Design: We included studies that evaluated the airway microbiome in preterm infants who developed BPD using culture-independent molecular techniques and reported alpha- and beta-diversity metrics and microbial profiles.

Results: The 6 included studies had substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity.

Meta-analysis of the incidence and patterns of second neoplasms after photon craniospinal irradiation in children with medulloblastoma.

Background: Second neoplasms (SNs) are a well-established long-term adverse effect of radiation therapy (RT), but there are limited data regarding their incidence and location relative to the radiation field, specific to medulloblastoma (MB) survivors after craniospinal irradiation (CSI).

Methods: A systematic literature review, per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, identified six studies reporting the incidence and locations of SNs for 1,114 patients with MB, after CSI, with a median follow-up of ∼9 years (7.6-15.

A systematic review of instruments assessing dimensions of distress among caregivers of adult and pediatric cancer patients.

Objective: Caregivers of cancer patients face intense demands throughout the course of the disease, survivorship, and bereavement. Caregiver burden, needs, satisfaction, quality of life, and other significant areas of caregiving are not monitored regularly in the clinic setting, resulting in a need to address the availability and clinical effectiveness of cancer caregiver distress tools. This review aimed to determine the availability of cancer caregiver instruments, the variation of instruments between different domains of distress, and that between adult and pediatric cancer patient populations.

Patient Perception of Physician Compassion After a More Optimistic vs a Less Optimistic Message: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Information regarding treatment options and prognosis is essential for patient decision making. Patient perception of physicians as being less compassionate when they deliver bad news might be a contributor to physicians' reluctance in delivering these types of communication.

Objective: To compare patients' perception of physician compassion after watching video vignettes of 2 physicians conveying a more optimistic vs a less optimistic message, determine patients' physician preference after watching both videos, and establish demographic and clinical predictors of compassion.