Acquired Esophageal Strictures in Children: Morphometric and Immunohistochemical Analyses.

Background: Esophageal strictures (ES) in children are not well characterized pathologically. We report unique histopathologic analyses of resected acquired ES and control esophagi (CE).

Methods: Muscle layer thicknesses were measured in intact well-oriented areas; inflammatory cells were counted in the most inflamed high power field (hpf).

Gardner Fibroma: Clinical and Histopathologic Implications of Germline APC Mutation Association.

The proportion and clinical characteristics of Gardner fibromas (GAFs) that are sporadic versus familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)-associated have not been clearly established. We report on 7 patients diagnosed with GAF who underwent APC sequencing and duplication/deletion testing. Three (43%) were found to have underlying APC germline perturbations consistent with FAP; these patients had multifocal (1) or large; unresectable (2) GAFs.

DICER1 Mutations and Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Evidence of a Direct Association.

Context: DICER1 germline mutation carriers have an increased predisposition to cancer, such as pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT), and a high prevalence of multinodular goiter (MNG). Although differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) has been reported in some DICER1 mutation carriers with PPB treated with chemotherapy, the association of DTC with DICER1 mutations is not well established.

Case Description: We report a family with DICER1 mutation and familial DTC without a history of chemotherapy.

Idiopathic Facial Aseptic Granuloma: Review of an Evolving Clinical Entity.

Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma (IFAG), originally termed pyodermite froide du visage, describes a generally asymptomatic facial nodule presenting in childhood with clinical resemblance to pyoderma or cystic, granulomatous, or vascular lesions. Clinical understanding is constantly evolving, with recent observations indicating that IFAG may represent a subtype of childhood rosacea. We present a case of IFAG associated with eyelid chalazions in a 19-month-old boy.

Pharmacokinetics, antitumor and cardioprotective effects of liposome-encapsulated phenylaminoethyl selenide in human prostate cancer rodent models.

Purpose: Cardiotoxicity associated with the use of doxorubicin (DOX), and other chemotherapeutics, limits their clinical potential. This study determined the pharmacokinetics and antitumor and cardioprotective activity of free and liposome encapsulated phenyl-2-aminoethyl-selenide (PAESe).

Methods: The pharmacokinetics of free PAESe and PAESe encapsulated in liposomes (SSL-PAESe) were determined in rats using liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry.

Myocardial infarction due to a retained epicardial pacing wire.

A 20-year-old man with a temporary epicardial pacing wire retained after infant repair of an atrioventricular septal defect presented with cardiopulmonary arrest. After resuscitation with extracorporeal membranous oxygenation, a coronary angiogram demonstrated a retained epicardial pacing wire compressing the left anterior descending artery and obtuse marginals. Owing to poor prognostic findings on a computed tomography scan of his head, he was terminally withdrawn from mechanical support.

Fatal birth trauma due to an undiagnosed abdominal teratoma: case report and review of the literature.

The fetus is subjected to mechanical forces during labor and delivery, which may result in traumatic injuries. Such injuries include intracranial hemorrhage, spinal cord lesions, cephalhematoma, cranial or peripheral nerve palsies, intraabdominal organ rupture, or bony fractures. Risk for perinatal trauma and mortality is increased in primigravidas, multiple gestations, abnormal presentations, maternal-fetal disproportion, oligohydramnios, forceps or vacuum extractions, and internal version maneuvers.

Fatal neurotoxic response to neuroleptic medications: case report and review of the literature.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a diagnosis of exclusion difficult to make due to a lack of pathognomonic features. Diagnosing NMS by postmortem examination becomes increasingly challenging when possible underlying brain pathology is obscured. The diagnosis is based on clinical history and laboratory findings.

A rare case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder with unique pathological features.

Clear cell adenocarcinomas of the urinary bladder are rare tumors with an unknown histogenesis. Since these tumors appear histologically similar to clear cell tumors of the female genital tract, a mullerian histogenesis has been proposed. Several publications have examined the immunohistochemical properties of clear cell adenocarcinomas to improve understanding of the cause and pathogenesis of this tumor.