CD200R1 promotes interleukin-17 production by group 3 innate lymphoid cells by enhancing signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation.

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with no cure. It is driven by the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17A axis and type 17 T helper cells; however, recently, group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have also been implicated. Despite being the focus of much research, factors regulating the activity of ILC3s remain incompletely understood.

Examination of Health Care Providers' Use of Language in Diabetes Care: A Secondary Qualitative Data Analysis.

The purpose of this secondary qualitative data analysis was to assess the frequency and context of stigmatizing language used by health care providers (HCPs). The authors conducted content and thematic analysis of in-depth face-to-face and telephone interviews with HCPs in southeastern Ohio. Participants frequently used labeling language, such as "diabetic" and "noncompliant," as well as language with negative connotations, such as "control," "testing," and "regimen.

Reduced cutaneous CD200:CD200R1 signaling in psoriasis enhances neutrophil recruitment to skin.

Introduction: The skin immune system is tightly regulated to prevent inappropriate inflammation in response to harmless environmental substances. This regulation is actively maintained by mechanisms including cytokines and cell surface receptors and its loss results in inflammatory disease. In the case of psoriasis, inappropriate immune activation leads to IL-17-driven chronic inflammation, but molecular mechanisms underlying this loss of regulation are not well understood.

Clinical evaluation of a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in individual and pooled upper respiratory tract samples.

The aim of this study was to identify and validate a sensitive, high-throughput, and cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR assay to be used as a surveillance and diagnostic tool for SARS-CoV-2 in a university surveillance program. We conducted a side-by-side clinical evaluation of a newly developed SARS-CoV-2 multiplex assay (EZ-SARS-CoV-2 Real-Time RT-PCR) with the commercial TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit, which has an Emergency Use Authorization from the FDA. The EZ-SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR incorporates two assays targeting the SARS-CoV-2 N gene, an internal control targeting the human RNase P gene, and a PCR inhibition control in a single reaction.

Maintenance of Barrier Tissue Integrity by Unconventional Lymphocytes.

Mucosal surfaces, as a first barrier with the environment are especially susceptible to damage from both pathogens and physical trauma. Thus, these sites require tightly regulated repair programs to maintain barrier function in the face of such insults. Barrier sites are also enriched for unconventional lymphocytes, which lack rearranged antigen receptors or express only a limited range of such receptors, such as ILCs (Innate Lymphoid Cells), γδ T Cells and MAIT (Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells).

Early Cytokine Induction Upon Infection in Murine Precision Cut Lung Slices Depends on Sensing of Bacterial Viability.

Breathing allows a multitude of airborne microbes and microbial compounds to access the lung. Constant exposure of the pulmonary microenvironment to immunogenic particles illustrates the need for proper control mechanisms ensuring the differentiation between threatening and harmless encounters. Discrimination between live and dead bacteria has been suggested to be such a mechanism.

Identifying Co-Exposure to Opiates and Gabapentin During Pregnancy.

Neonatal withdrawal can be difficult to treat in infants with co-exposure to opiates and gabapentin. Because maternal self-report can underestimate exposures, we evaluated the effect of universal toxicology screening for gabapentin. Identification of co-exposure to opiates and gabapentin increased after implementation of toxicology screening, with implications for improved neonatal care.

Synthesis of 3-stannyl and 3-silyl propargyl phosphanes and the formation of a phosphinoallene.

The group 14 chloropropargyls R3EC ≡ CCH2Cl (R3E = (n)Bu3Sn, Ph3Sn, Me2PhSi, (i)Pr3Si, (n)Pr3Si, (n)Bu3Si), obtained by a modified literature procedure, react with LiPPh2 to afford the novel propargyl phosphanes Ph2PCH2C ≡ CER3 in high yield, as viscous oils; (Me3Si)2PCH2C ≡ CSiPhMe2 is similarly obtained from LiP(SiMe3)2. In contrast, the reaction of PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CCH2MgCl with ClP(NEt2)2 fails to produce a comparable propargyl phosphane, but generates preferentially (>70%) the novel phosphinoallene (Et2N)2PC(Ph) = C = CH2, which is characterised spectroscopically, and through its reaction with HCl. The coordination chemistry of representative phosphanes is explored with respect to platinum and palladium for the first time.

Sleep quality among pharmacy students.

Objective: To determine the quality of sleep among pharmacy students in the didactic portion of the curriculum at one school of pharmacy.

Methods: The study consisted of an anonymous, voluntary survey that included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a self-rated instrument that measures sleep habits for a month.

Results: The survey was completed by 253 students.

Innate immune cell CD45 regulates lymphopenia-induced T cell proliferation.

The leukocyte-specific tyrosine phosphatase, CD45, severely impacts T cell development and activation by modulating TCR signaling. CD45-deficient (CD45KO) mice have reduced peripheral T cell numbers where CD8 T cells are underrepresented. In this article, we show that CD45KO mice are unable to support efficient homeostatic proliferation, affecting CD8 T cells more than CD4 T cells.

Facile self-assembly of the first diphosphametacyclophane.

The reaction of isophthaloyl chloride and methyl-bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphane under mild conditions affords high yields of m-{-C(O)-C(6)H(4)(C(O)PMe)}(2) (1,10-dimethyl-1,10-diphospha-[3.3]-metacyclophane-2,9,11,18-tetraone): the first example of a diphosphametacyclophane.

The Suv39H1 methyltransferase inhibitor chaetocin causes induction of integrated HIV-1 without producing a T cell response.

Latent HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus-1) provirus is unaffected by current AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) therapies. We show here that chaetocin, an SUV39H1 histone methyltransferase inhibitor, causes 25-fold induction of latent HIV-1 expression, while producing minimal toxicity and without causing T cell activation. Induction is associated with loss of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) trimethylation at the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter, and a corresponding increase in H3K9 acetylation.

The autoimmunity-related GIMAP5 GTPase is a lysosome-associated protein.

A mutation in the rat GIMAP5 gene predisposes for autoimmunity, most famously in the BB rat model of autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus. This mutation is associated with severe peripheral T lymphopenia, as is mutation of the same gene in mice, but the mechanism by which GIMAP5 normally protects T cells from death is unknown. GIMAP5 is a putative small GTPase, a class of proteins which often fulfil their functions in the vicinity of cellular membranes.

Loss of T cell and B cell quiescence precedes the onset of microbial flora-dependent wasting disease and intestinal inflammation in Gimap5-deficient mice.

Homeostatic control of the immune system involves mechanisms that ensure the self-tolerance, survival and quiescence of hematopoietic-derived cells. In this study, we demonstrate that the GTPase of immunity associated protein (Gimap)5 regulates these processes in lymphocytes and hematopoietic progenitor cells. As a consequence of a recessive N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced germline mutation in the P-loop of Gimap5, lymphopenia, hepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis, weight loss, and intestinal inflammation occur in homozygous mutant mice.

Expression of GIMAP1, a GTPase of the immunity-associated protein family, is not up-regulated in malaria.

Background: GIMAP (GTPase of the immunity-associated protein family) proteins are a family of putative GTPases believed to be regulators of cell death in lymphomyeloid cells. GIMAP1 was the first reported member of this gene family, identified as a gene up-regulated at the RNA level in the spleens of mice infected with the malarial parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi.

Methods: A monoclonal antibody against mouse GIMAP1 was developed and was used to analyse the expression of the endogenous protein in tissues of normal mice and in defined sub-populations of cells prepared from lymphoid tissues using flow cytometry.

CI therapy distribution: theory, evidence and practice.

Traditional rehabilitation for hemiplegia is not necessarily based on a supported theoretical foundation and some evidence questiones the efficacy of current practice. The uncertainty relating to underlying theories is a serious issue, henceforth there has been a move to base treatment strategies on scientific foundations which incorporate knowledge of human learning mechanisms and accompanying neurobiological processes. In this paper we argue that constraint induced movement therapy is a potentially very effective intervention that benefits from a strong theoretical grounding.

Adsorption of arsenate and arsenite on ferrihydrite in the presence and absence of dissolved organic carbon.

The adsorption of As(V) and As(III) on synthetic two-line ferrihydrite in the presence and absence of a peat humic acid (HAp), Suwannee River fulvic acid (FA), or citric acid (CA) was investigated. Previous work with goethite has demonstrated the ability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to decrease As(V) and As(III) adsorption. The results obtained demonstrate that As(V) adsorption on ferrihydrite was decreased only in the presence of CA.