Morbidity and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years in preterm infants undergoing percutaneous transcatheter closure vs. surgical ligation of the PDA.

Objective: Review a cohort of preterm infants ≤29 weeks of gestation at birth and compare morbidities and neurodevelopmental outcomes based on PDA status and type of PDA closure.

Study Design: Single center observational retrospective-prospective case control study of premature infants who had no hsPDA, underwent surgical ligation or percutaneous transcatheter closure of the PDA. Neurodevelopmental testing was done using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development 3rd ed.

Ig beta tyrosine residues contribute to the control of B cell receptor signaling by regulating receptor internalization.

Immunoglobulin (Ig)alpha and Igbeta initiate B cell receptor (BCR) signaling through immune receptor tyrosine activation motifs (ITAMs) that are targets of SH2 domain-containing kinases. To examine the function of Igbeta ITAM tyrosine resides in mature B cells in vivo, we exchanged these residues for alanine by gene targeting (Igbeta(AA)). Mutant mice showed normal development of all B cell subtypes with the exception of B1 cells that were reduced by fivefold.

A B cell receptor with two Igalpha cytoplasmic domains supports development of mature but anergic B cells.

B cell receptor (BCR) signaling is mediated through immunoglobulin (Ig)alpha and Igbeta a membrane-bound heterodimer. Igalpha and Igbeta are redundant in their ability to support early B cell development, but their roles in mature B cells have not been defined. To examine the function of Igalpha-Igbeta in mature B cells in vivo we exchanged the cytoplasmic domain of Igalpha for the cytoplasmic domain of Igbeta by gene targeting (Igbetac-->alphac mice).