Using umbilical cord tissue to identify prenatal ethanol exposure and co-exposure to other commonly misused substances.

Objective: Substance misuse during pregnancy can result in a variety of poor pregnancy outcomes. Objective data reporting the prevalence of neonates born with ethanol metabolites (evidence of prenatal ethanol exposure) in their fluids or tissues are limited.

Study Design: A secondary analysis of umbilical cord tissue specimens received for routine toxicological analysis was conducted.