Establishing Benchmarks for Airway Replacement: Long-Term Outcomes of Tracheal Autografts in a Large Animal Model.

Objective: Airway replacement is a challenging surgical intervention and remains an unmet clinical need. Due to the risk of airway stenosis, anastomotic separation, poor vascularization, and necrosis, it is necessary to establish the gold-standard outcomes of tracheal replacement. In this study, we use a large animal autograft model to assess long-term outcomes following tracheal replacement.

Dynamic flow for efficient partial decellularization of tracheal grafts: A preliminary rabbit study.

Objective: Bioengineered tracheal grafts are a potential solution for the repair of long-segment tracheal defects. A recent advancement is partially decellularized tracheal grafts (PDTGs) which enable regeneration of host epithelium and retain viable donor chondrocytes for hypothesized benefits to mechanical properties. We propose a novel and tunable 3D-printed bioreactor for creating large animal PDTG that brings this technology closer to the bedside.

Tracheostomy in Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-How to Decide in the Absence of Evidence.

Infants with the most severe forms of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) may require long-term invasive positive pressure ventilation for survival, therefore necessitating tracheostomy. Although life-saving, tracheostomy has also been associated with high mortality, postoperative complications, high readmission rates, neurodevelopmental impairment, and significant caregiver burden, making it a highly complex and challenging decision. However, for some infants tracheostomy may be necessary for survival and the only way to facilitate a timely and safe transition home.

Partial decellularization eliminates immunogenicity in tracheal allografts.

There is currently no suitable autologous tissue to bridge large tracheal defects. As a result, no standard of care exists for long-segment tracheal reconstruction. Tissue engineering has the potential to create a scaffold from allografts or xenografts that can support neotissue regeneration identical to the native trachea.

Biobanked tracheal basal cells retain the capacity to differentiate.

Objective: While airway epithelial biorepositories have established roles in the study of bronchial progenitor stem (basal) cells, the utility of a bank of tracheal basal cells from pediatric patients, who have or are suspected of having an airway disease, has not been established. study of these cells can enhance options for tracheal restoration, graft design, and disease modeling. Development of a functional epithelium in these settings is a key measure.

Cannabis Adaptation During and After Alcohol Ignition Interlock Device Installation: A Longitudinal Study.

Objective: A common intervention to prevent alcohol-impaired driving are alcohol ignition interlock devices (IIDs), which prevent drivers with a blood alcohol concentration greater than .025% from starting the car. These devices force drivers to adapt their drinking to accommodate the device.

Tissue-engineered composite tracheal grafts create mechanically stable and biocompatible airway replacements.

We tested composite tracheal grafts (CTG) composed of a partially decellularized tracheal graft (PDTG) combined with a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed airway splint for use in long-segment airway reconstruction. CTG is designed to recapitulate the 3D extracellular matrix of the trachea with stable mechanical properties imparted from the extraluminal airway splint. We performed segmental orthotopic tracheal replacement in a mouse microsurgical model.

Type IA Oromandibular-Limb Hypogenesis Syndrome: A Case Report and A Case Update.

Hypoglossia is a rare congenital anomaly resulting in a small rudimentary tongue. It is classified under the oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndrome and can be found in isolation (Type IA) but is more often associated with other congenital disorders, such as limb defects. Isolated hypoglossia cases are rare, and while feeding disorders are common, in some cases, neonatal airway obstruction is the most problematic.

Endoscopic Repair of Type 1 Laryngeal Clefts and Deep Interarytenoid Notches: Cold Steel Versus Laser.

Objectives/hypothesis: Endoscopic repair is the preferred surgical treatment for type 1 laryngeal clefts (T1LCs) and deep interarytenoid notches (DINs). No studies exist showing differences in repair rates using laser and cold steel. Our objective is to assess overall success and revision rate for endoscopic cleft repair and determine whether there is any difference in surgical outcomes between cold steel and laser techniques.

Regeneration of partially decellularized tracheal scaffolds in a mouse model of orthotopic tracheal replacement.

Decellularized tracheal scaffolds offer a potential solution for the repair of long-segment tracheal defects. However, complete decellularization of trachea is complicated by tracheal collapse. We created a partially decellularized tracheal scaffold (DTS) and characterized regeneration in a mouse model of tracheal transplantation.

Convicted drinking and driving offenders: Comparing alcohol use before and after the pandemic outbreak.

Background: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, very little was known about the impact of social isolation on individuals' alcohol use and misuse. This study examines how socially isolated individuals with a history of heavy drinking used alcohol during the pandemic.

Methods: Data for this study came from an add-on to the Managing Heavy Drinking (MHD) longitudinal study of drivers convicted of DWI that was conducted in Erie County, New York.

Understanding non-installers of the ignition interlock device: A qualitative analysis.

Introduction: Literature notes the efficacious use of alcohol ignition interlock devices (IID) in reducing rates of drinking and driving while installed on the vehicle. Some drivers who are convicted of driving while intoxicated (DWI) elect to have their license suspended/revoked instead of installing the device. These individuals represent a high-risk subsample of drivers, yet limited literature has addressed this concern.

Changes in Alcohol Use and Drinking and Driving Outcomes From Before Arrest for Driving Under the Influence to After Interlock Removal.

Background: Half of the offenders convicted of impaired driving in the United States are sentenced to install alcohol ignition interlock devices (IIDs), which prevent them from starting their vehicles if they have been drinking. No research has yet explored offenders' patterns of alcohol consumption and driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) from the time before the arrest to the time period after the IID is installed. This study aims to fill that gap in knowledge.

Typologies of Drivers Convicted of Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol as Predictors of Alcohol Ignition Interlock Performance.

Background: Alcohol ignition interlock devices (IIDs) reduce rates of drinking and driving when installed on the vehicles of offenders. While the IID is installed on their vehicle, some drivers adapt their drinking behaviors, while others cannot. Heavy alcohol use and mental health concerns reduce treatment adherence in clinical settings, but it has not yet known how they pertain to behavioral adaptation to IIDs.

The impact of interlock installation on driving behavior and drinking behavior related to driving.

Objective: There is a substantial body of evidence that the recidivism of impaired-driving offenders is reduced while an ignition interlock device (IID) is on their vehicles. This study examines changes in driving behaviors and drinking behaviors used by DWI offenders to manage driving with the IID.

Methods: A total of 166 IID participants who completed two surveys covering the period from arrest to IID installation (T1) and during IID use (T2) were examined.

Potential for cannabis adaptation among participants in a drunk driving intervention.

Background: Some alcohol interventions have been found to have the adverse outcome of increasing non-alcohol-related substance use. It is unknown, however, how changes in alcohol use over the course of alcohol ignition interlocks - a common DUI intervention - may impact other substance use.

Methods: Alcohol and cannabis use were measured using hair ethylglucuronide and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations in blood, respectively.

Innovations in Airway Surgery.

The management of pediatric airway stenosis has evolved considerably over time. At the outset, dilation was the mainstay of management. In the 1900s, open surgery in the form of cricoid expansion procedures or resection procedures was the primary treatment with subsequent development of the slide tracheoplasty.

Cervical slide tracheoplasty in adults with laryngotracheal stenosis.

Objectives: 1) Evaluate success rates for adults undergoing cervical slide tracheoplasty. 2) Examine complication rates of slide tracheoplasty in adults.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of adults > 21 years of age undergoing cervical slide tracheoplasty for tracheal stenosis between October 2011 and August 2017 was reviewed.

Can Predictive Modeling Identify Head and Neck Oncology Patients at Risk for Readmission?

Objective Unplanned readmission within 30 days is a contributor to health care costs in the United States. The use of predictive modeling during hospitalization to identify patients at risk for readmission offers a novel approach to quality improvement and cost reduction. Study Design Two-phase study including retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data followed by prospective longitudinal study.

Characterizing Decisional Conflict for Caregivers of Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Without Tonsillar Hypertrophy.

Study Objectives: The goals of this study were to (1) evaluate the degree of decisional conflict (DC) experienced by caregivers of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) without tonsillar hypertrophy; and (2) describe the association between DC, quality of life (QOL), and OSA severity.

Methods: This study comprised children evaluated in the multidisciplinary upper airway center at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center from December 2014 to May 2016. Caregivers were asked to complete surveys (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.

Thyroid Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Results: Observed Increase in Indeterminate Rate over the Past Decade.

Objectives To evaluate changes in distribution of reported thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytopathology results since implementation of the Bethesda classification and revised 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines for selecting nodules for biopsy. Study Design Retrospective review. Setting Tertiary academic medical center.

Long-term Symptom-specific Outcomes for Patients With Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granulomas: Surgery Versus Observation.

Objective: Review long-term symptom-specific outcomes for petrous apex cholesterol granulomas (PACG).

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Setting: Tertiary center.

Predictors and costs of readmissions at an academic head and neck surgery service.

Background: Health care metrics, such as readmission rates, are being scrutinized to improve quality and decrease cost of care. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate, predictors, and costs of 30-day unplanned readmissions (30dURs) in patients who undergo head and neck surgery.

Methods: All patients undergoing head and neck surgery at the Ohio State University from July 1, 2011, to June 30, 2012, were retrospectively reviewed.