Job Demand-Control and Hypertension in African Americans and Non-African Americans.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine if occupational stress is a social determinant of elevated hypertension among African Americans.

Methods: Currently employed, full-time adults from the Midlife in the United States Refresher and Midlife in the United States Milwaukee Refresher studies reported data on demographics, job characteristics, and medical history.

Results: African American workers reported less job control and greater physical job demands than non-African Americans.

Parenting, Pesticides and Adolescent Psychological Adjustment: A Brief Report.

Pesticides used to control insects, such as pyrethroids, are neurotoxicants, yet adolescent researchers often overlook their potential role in adolescent psychological adjustment. This brief report is guided by bioecological theory and considers the possible independent and interactive effects of environmental pyrethroid pesticide exposure for adolescent depressive symptoms. Self-reported adolescent appraisals of the parent-child relationship and depressive symptoms were obtained from a convenience sample of impoverished, predominantly Latino urban youth ( = 44).

The Effects of Contingent Lullaby Music on Parent-Infant Interaction and Amount of Infant Crying in the First Six Weeks of Life.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a live music intervention provided by the mother on full term infants' amount of crying and parent-infant interaction in the first six weeks of life.

Design And Methods: A randomized posttest-only experimental/no-contact control group design was used for this study. A sample of 66 mothers with healthy, newborn infants were recruited.

Room for (performance) improvement: provider-related factors associated with poor outcomes in massive transfusion.

Background: Massive transfusion (MT) protocols improve survival in patients with exsanguinating hemorrhage. Both the increased plasma to red blood cells (RBC) and platelets to RBC ratios, and the "protocolization" of product delivery seem to be critical components of the reduction in mortality. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence and impact of MT protocol noncompliance and to intervene in provider-related events associated with poor compliance and outcomes.

Predefined massive transfusion protocols are associated with a reduction in organ failure and postinjury complications.

Introduction: Massive transfusion (MT) protocols have been shown to improve survival in severely injured patients. However, others have noted that these higher fresh frozen plasma (FFP):red blood cell (RBC) ratios are associated with increased risk of organ failure. The purpose of this study was to determine whether MT protocols are associated with increased organ failure and complications.

Damage control hematology: the impact of a trauma exsanguination protocol on survival and blood product utilization.

Background: The importance of early and aggressive management of trauma- related coagulopathy remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that a trauma exsanguination protocol (TEP) that systematically provides specified numbers and types of blood components immediately upon initiation of resuscitation would improve survival and reduce overall blood product consumption among the most severely injured patients.

Methods: We recently implemented a TEP, which involves the immediate and continued release of blood products from the blood bank in a predefined ratio of 10 units of packed red blood cells (PRBC) to 4 units of fresh frozen plasma to 2 units of platelets.