Clinical, pathological, and adjuvant chemotherapy use differences among microsatellite unstable and microsatellite stable colon cancers.

Background: Colon cancers are categorized into mismatch repair deficient/microsatellite unstable (MSI-H) and mismatch repair proficient/microsatellite stable (MSS) cancers. This study aims to compare the disease characteristics and trends in the utilization of cancer therapies across different age groups and stages in these two groups.

Methods: MSI-H and MSS colon adenocarcinomas from 2010 to 2016 were identified using the National Cancer Database.

Characteristics and clinical outcomes in young-onset cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: While the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma is rising, little is known about young-onset disease. We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients with young-onset cholangiocarcinoma, diagnosed between the ages of 18 and <50 years, and patients with typical-onset cholangiocarcinoma, diagnosed at age 50 years or greater.

Methods: We used the National Cancer Database to identify patients with young-onset cholangiocarcinoma (n = 2520) and typical-onset cholangiocarcinoma (n = 23,826).

Trends in Adjuvant Chemotherapy Use Among Stage III Colon Cancer in Non-Elderly and Low Comorbidity Patients.

Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer is underutilized in the United States. The aim of this study was to assess the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in younger and medically fit patients and analyze the socioeconomic factors associated with its utilization.

Methods: Using the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2015, we selected stage III colon cancer patients between age 18 to 65, Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index (CDCI) of 0 or 1, and those that survived at least 12 months after surgery.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Genomic Profiling of Early Onset Colorectal Cancer.

The incidence and mortality of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is rising; outcomes appear to differ by race and ethnicity. We aimed to assess differences in mutational landscape and gene expression of EOCRC by racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, White Hispanic) using data from the American Association for Cancer Research Project GENIE (10.2) and University of Texas Southwestern, the latter enriched in Hispanic patients.

Self-reported reasons for colonoscopy among adults aged 45-49 versus 50 years and older from 2010-2018.

Background: In May of 2018, the American Cancer Society lowered the age of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening initiation from 50 to 45 years and in October 2020, United States Preventive Services Task Force published draft guidelines also lowering age of screening initiation to 45 years. Evaluating guideline adherence is needed; however, the majority of prior research on cancer screening do not distinguish whether colonoscopy was performed for true screening purposes or for post-symptomatic diagnosis.

Methods: Using data from the National Health Interview Survey between 2010 to mid-2018, we assessed response to the question "What was the MAIN reason you had [last] colonoscopy?" stratified by age (45-49 versus 50+ years).

Osteonecrosis of the jaw induced by treatment with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy: a case report.

Recognizing rare but clinically significant toxicity of immunotherapy is critical. Here we describe the first detailed case of severe osteonecrosis of the jaw due to anti-PD-1. A 75-year-old man with metastatic melanoma, with no prior radiation or treatment with bone-targeting agents, experienced jaw pain 1 week after his first dose of nivolumab.

Frequent sleep-related bitemporal focal seizures in transient epileptic amnesia syndrome: Evidence from ictal video-EEG.

Two patients who shared similar presenting clinical features of anterograde and retrograde autobiographical amnesia typical of transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) underwent prolonged video electroencephalogram (VEEG) monitoring and were found to have sleep-activated epileptiform activity and frequent subclinical bitemporal seizures predominantly during sleep. Case 1 is a 59-year-old woman whose presenting complaint was memory impairment. Over 18 months, she had three distinct 8-h-long episodes of confusion and disorientation with persistent anterograde and retrograde autobiographical amnesia.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in an epilepsy surgery cohort: Clinical and pathologic findings.

Objective: To determine the occurrence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in young adult patients undergoing epilepsy surgery.

Methods: Ten patients who underwent epilepsy surgery were randomly selected for this retrospective study. The patients were 18-45 years of age, had preoperative neuropsychological evaluation, and had 1 year postoperative follow-up.

Evidence on Use of Neuroimaging for Surgical Treatment of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Surgery is an effective treatment for drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Neuroimaging studies are considered essential in the diagnostic evaluation of individuals with medically refractory focal seizures being considered for surgical treatment.

Objectives: To review the evidence for the use of neuroimaging studies in the selection of patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy for focal cortical resection and discuss the prognostic importance of selected techniques.

Responses to and Outcomes of Treatment of Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxia in Adults.

Importance: Classic Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1 (PCA-1, or anti-Yo) paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia has a poor prognosis, yet little has been published otherwise regarding treatment responses and outcomes among patients with autoimmune cerebellar ataxia.

Objectives: To investigate treatment responses and outcomes in adults with autoimmune cerebellar ataxia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A cohort study conducted at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, included 118 patients who had ataxia, were 18 years or older, were seropositive for at least 1 neural autoantibody, had received at least 1 immunotherapy or cancer therapy, and had neurologist-reported outcomes documented from January 1, 1989, through December 31, 2013.

Circulating activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme, its homolog, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and neprilysin in a family study.

The renin-angiotensin system is a key regulator of blood pressure (BP), with inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) used clinically to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. ACE2 is a newly identified member of this system, which converts angiotensin II to angiotensin, and of which the occurrence in plasma has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the heritability of circulating ACE, ACE2, and neprilysin (NEP), which may also be a regulator of BP, in a family study, and to determine covariates that contribute to the variation in plasma activity.

A small molecule antagonist of the alpha(v)beta3 integrin suppresses MDA-MB-435 skeletal metastasis.

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting women in the United States and Europe. Approximately three out of every four women with breast cancer develop metastases in bone which, in turn, diminishes quality of life. The alpha(v)beta3 integrin has previously been implicated in multiple aspects of tumor progression, metastasis and osteoclast bone resorption.

Freshman 15: valid theory or harmful myth?

The authors investigated whether the perception that freshmen gain 15 pounds during their 1st year of college is related to either actual or perceived weight gain. Forty-nine incoming freshmen at a small liberal arts college completed the study by filling out questionnaires and health data at the beginning and end of their 1st year on campus. The findings revealed no significant weight gain at the end of the year.