Black girls and referrals: racial and gender disparities in self-reported referral to substance use disorder assessment among justice-involved children.

Background: There is a higher prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) among justice-involved children (JIC). It is critical to ensure that JIC who report current use are referred for SUD assessment and potentially life-saving treatment services. Prior research suggests that certain minoritized groups may be less likely to have ever been referred for screening, and research on intersectionality suggests that these disparities may be exacerbated for racially minoritized females.

Exposure to Medicines in the Family Medicine Cabinet: Is It a Harbinger of Later Opioid Dependence?

Despite research on prescription opioids and dependence being a national priority, little is known about the association between several potential adolescent risk factors and later opioid dependence among those who use opioids non-medically. To investigate the association between lifetime opioid dependence and adolescent self-perceived health, health beliefs (thinking there was a pill for everything), health behaviors (onset of alcohol use before 15, onset of prescription opioid use before 15) and parental health practices (having opioids in the family medicine cabinet at age 14, parental suggestions to take pills when sick). A sample of 343 community members who non-medically used prescription opioids in the past 12 months were recruited for the and retrospectively assessed for adolescent risk factors of lifetime opioid dependence (DSM-IV).

Motives for prescription stimulant use by patterns of non-medical use.

Background: Understanding motivations behind non-medical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) is important to prevent such use.

Methods: Adult participants from St. Louis, MO, who endorsed NMUPS on 5 or more days in the past 12 months (n=60) were asked about their motivations for use.

A latent class analysis of the past-30-day substance use patterns among lifetime cocaine users: Findings from a community sample in North Central Florida.

Objectives: Cocaine use is increasing and many cocaine users engage in polysubstance use. Within polysubstance use, relationships among use of individual substances are necessarily complex. To address this complexity, we used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify patterns of polysubstance use among lifetime cocaine users and examine associations among these patterns, demographics, and risk profiles.

Diagnostic sequence of cocaine use disorder in relation to other mental health conditions among college students.

Cocaine use is increasing. Comorbidities and diagnostic sequencing are needed among college students to inform treatment of cocaine use disorder (CUD). Using electronic medical records from the psychiatric clinic at the student health care center of a large, public university from 2005 to 2015, patients diagnosed with CUD were identified.

Social capital, migration stress, depression and sexual risk behaviors among rural-to-urban migrants in China: a moderated mediation modeling analysis.

Few studies have examined the complex relationship of migration stress and depression with sexual risk behaviors among migrants. The relationship between migration stress and sexual risk behaviors may be mediated by depression, and the mediation process may be modified by social capital. The study aims to investigate this moderated mediation mechanism among rural-to-urban migrants.

Social Capital Associated with Quality of Life Mediated by Employment Experiences: Evidence from a Random Sample of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China.

Working-age migrants need to possess adequate social capital in order to secure a stable and satisfactory job so that they can pursue a better quality of life (QOL). The positive relationship between social capital and vocational experiences, including successful employment, has been well established. In this study we focused on testing a multi-step mediation model linking social capital with employment experiences, and further to QOL.

Cross-country Association of Press Freedom and LGBT freedom with prevalence of persons living with HIV: implication for global strategy against HIV/AIDS.

Background: Human behaviors are affected by attitudes and beliefs, which in turn are shaped by higher-level values to which we have ascribed. In this study, we explore the relationship between two higher-level values, press freedom and LGBT freedom, and HIV infection with national data at the population level.

Methods: Data were the number of persons living with HIV (PLWH,  = 35,468,911) for 148 countries during 2011-15, press freedom index (PFI) determined by the Reporters Without Borders, and LGBT freedom index (LGBT-FI) based on laws regulating same-sex relationships and expression.

Pragmatic trial of a Study Navigator Model (NAU) vs. Ambassador Model (N+) to increase enrollment to health research among community members who use illicit drugs.

Background: Although drug use is common in the population, drug users are sometimes excluded from research without justification. Two models of individualized study matching were compared for effectiveness in enrolling people who "endorsed current drug use" and those who "did not" into appropriate research.

Methods: Participants in the NIDA-funded Transformative Approach to Reduce Research Disparities Towards Drug Users study (Navigation Study) were recruited through a Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) community engagement model.