Temporary treatment cessation compared with continuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for adults with renal cancer: the STAR non-inferiority RCT.

Background: There is interest in using treatment breaks in oncology, to reduce toxicity without compromising efficacy.

Trial Design: A Phase II/III multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial assessing treatment breaks in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Methods: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma, starting tyrosine kinase inhibitor as first-line treatment at United Kingdom National Health Service hospitals.

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen in the Era of Oncolytic Virotherapy.

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a well-documented accessory protein of DNA repair and replication. It belongs to the sliding clamp family of proteins that encircle DNA and acts as a mobile docking platform for interacting proteins to mount and perform their metabolic tasks. PCNA presence is ubiquitous to all cells, and when located in the nucleus it plays a role in DNA replication and repair, cell cycle control and apoptosis in proliferating cells.

The use of social media for reproductive health advocacy among physicians: a content analysis of tweets by physicians engaged in reproductive health care.

Background: Physician voices on social media are important for health policy advocacy. However, the extent to which physicians use best practices around health communications strategy is unknown.

Methods: We implemented a content analysis of 1373 tweets from 12 physicians who specialize in reproductive health care and participated in a reproductive health-related advocacy training program, to describe their reproductive health advocacy tweets in terms of levels of engagement, tone, framing and target audience.

Physician engagement in reproductive health advocacy: findings from a mixed methods evaluation of a leadership and advocacy program.

Background: Medical curricula include advocacy competencies, but how much physicians engage in advocacy and what enables this engagement is not well characterized. The authors assessed facilitators and barriers to advocacy identified by physician alumni of a reproductive health advocacy training program.

Methods: The authors present secondary results from a mixed methods program evaluation from 2018 to 2020, using alumni data from a cross-sectional survey (n = 231) and in-depth interviews (IDIs, n = 36).

Approaches to Research Ethics in Health Research on YouTube: Systematic Review.

Background: YouTube has become a popular source of health care information, reaching an estimated 81% of adults in 2021; approximately 35% of adults in the United States have used the internet to self-diagnose a condition. Public health researchers are therefore incorporating YouTube data into their research, but guidelines for best practices around research ethics using social media data, such as YouTube, are unclear.

Objective: This study aims to describe approaches to research ethics for public health research implemented using YouTube data.

Ethical considerations and methodological uses of Facebook data in public health research: A systematic review.

Objective: Since 2016, around seven in 10 adults in the United States (U.S.) actively use Facebook.

Ethical and Methodological Considerations of Twitter Data for Public Health Research: Systematic Review.

Background: Much research is being carried out using publicly available Twitter data in the field of public health, but the types of research questions that these data are being used to answer and the extent to which these projects require ethical oversight are not clear.

Objective: This review describes the current state of public health research using Twitter data in terms of methods and research questions, geographic focus, and ethical considerations including obtaining informed consent from Twitter handlers.

Methods: We implemented a systematic review, following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, of articles published between January 2006 and October 31, 2019, using Twitter data in secondary analyses for public health research, which were found using standardized search criteria on SocINDEX, PsycINFO, and PubMed.

Sexual and Reproductive Health Advocacy Successes, Failures, and Needs in the United States: Perspectives From Key Stakeholders.

Physician advocates for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care have been active in the United States for decades. Despite such activism, access to SRH services has been fraught with persistent restrictions, particularly for abortion care. We sought the perspectives of key stakeholders on what makes for an effective SRH physician advocate and thoughts about the successes, failures, and needs of the abortion advocacy movement.

Understanding Immune Responses to Viruses-Do Underlying Th1/Th2 Cell Biases Predict Outcome?

Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases have increased in number and geographical extent during the last decades. Examples include the current COVID-19 pandemic and the recent epidemics of the Chikungunya, Ebola, and Zika viruses. Immune responses to viruses have been well-characterised within the innate and adaptive immunity pathways with the outcome following viral infection predominantly attributed to properties of the virus and circumstances of the infection.

Physician perspectives of abortion advocacy: findings from a mixed-methods study.

Objective: Our aim was to assess physicians' perspectives of what constitutes abortion advocacy and the skills needed to be effective in their efforts to safeguard legal abortion.

Methods: Alumni from a physician training programme for sexual and reproductive health advocacy completed a cross-sectional survey including questions on perceived skills needed for effective advocacy. The research team conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) with alumni, based on their level of engagement in advocacy.

Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances.

Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is an emerging class of immunotherapeutic drugs. Their mechanism of action is two-fold: direct cell lysis and unmasking of the cancer through immunogenic cell death, which allows the immune system to recognize and eradicate tumours. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and is challenging to treat with immunotherapy modalities because it is classically an immunogenically "cold" tumour type.

Single cell regulatory landscape of the mouse kidney highlights cellular differentiation programs and disease targets.

Determining the epigenetic program that generates unique cell types in the kidney is critical for understanding cell-type heterogeneity during tissue homeostasis and injury response. Here, we profile open chromatin and gene expression in developing and adult mouse kidneys at single cell resolution. We show critical reliance of gene expression on distal regulatory elements (enhancers).

Macrophages Mediate the Antitumor Effects of the Oncolytic Virus HSV1716 in Mammary Tumors.

Oncolytic viruses (OV) have been shown to activate the antitumor functions of specific immune cells like T cells. Here, we show OV can also reprogram tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) to a less immunosuppressive phenotype. Syngeneic, immunocompetent mouse models of primary breast cancer were established using PyMT-TS1, 4T1, and E0771 cell lines, and a metastatic model of breast cancer was established using the 4T1 cell line.

Methodologic approach to sampling and field-based data collection for a large-scale in-depth interview study: The Social Position and Family Formation (SPAFF) project.

Over the past several decades there have been dramatic shifts in demographic patterns pertaining to family formation, with declining and delayed marriage and childbearing, and increased cohabitation in the United States and other Western industrialized nations. These trends in family demography have been predominantly studied using large-scale datasets, which have identified total population and subgroup trends over time, including differences by age, gender, racial/ethnic, economic, educational, religious, and other characteristics. However, there is limited knowledge and understanding of how individuals across different levels of social position, as well as other important characteristics, make decisions around forming families.

Improving Survival of Patients With Hodgkin Lymphoma Over 4 Decades: Experience of the British National Lymphoma Investigation (BNLI) With 6834 Patients.

Background: The management of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has changed markedly over the last 50 years. This is due to the expanding understanding about the biology of the disease, the development of increasingly efficacious multimodal treatment, and the recognition of how to reduce late effects. The British National Lymphoma Investigation (BNLI) was formed in the 1970s to coordinate UK research in the diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma.

Use of Comparative Case Study Methodology for US Public Health Policy Analysis: A Review.

Context: There is growing recognition that policies influence population health, highlighting the need for evidence to inform future policy development and reform.

Objectives: This review describes how comparative case study methodology has been applied to public health policy research and discusses the methodology's potential to contribute to this evidence.

Methods: English-language, peer-reviewed articles published between 1995 and 2012 were sought from 4 databases.

Feasibility and Reliability of the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY) for Measuring Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Children Visiting an Interactive Children's Museum Exhibition.

Purpose: To test the feasibility and reliability of a direct observation method for measuring moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children visiting an interactive children's museum exhibition.

Design: Direct observation was used to assess MVPA in children visiting an interactive children's museum exhibition on 2 weekend days in winter 2013.

Setting: The Children's Museum of Manhattan's EatSleepPlay™: Building Health Every Day exhibition.

Effects of single-agent and combination chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumors on risks of second malignancy and early menopause.

Purpose: To assess the risks of second malignancy and early menopause in a large cohort of patients with gestational trophoblastic tumor who were treated with chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: A survey of patients treated at Charing Cross Hospital between 1958 and 2000 was performed in 2006 to assemble incidence data for subsequent malignancies and the age at menopause. Treatment records were reviewed for the regimens and durations, and the incidence of subsequent malignancies was compared with that in the national age-matched population.

Lessons from Hurricane Sandy: a community response in Brooklyn, New York.

The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events have increased in recent decades; one example is Hurricane Sandy. If the frequency and severity continue or increase, adaptation and mitigation efforts are needed to protect vulnerable populations and improve daily life under changed weather conditions. This field report examines the devastation due to Hurricane Sandy experienced in Red Hook, Brooklyn, New York, a neighborhood consisting of geographically isolated low-lying commercial and residential units, with a concentration of low-income housing, and disproportionate rates of poverty and poor health outcomes largely experienced by Black and Latino residents.

Bone metastases in germ cell tumours: lessons learnt from a large retrospective study.

Objective: To determine the characteristics of patients with germ cell cancer and bone metastases.

Patients And Methods: The case records of patients with known germ cell tumours (GCTs) within the Anglian Germ Cell Cancer Group database between January 2005 and March 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Data were collected for histopathology, presence of bone metastases at diagnosis or relapse, site of bone metastases and imaging method used to confirm bone metastases, treatment received, response to treatment and overall survival.

Cryotherapy following total knee replacement.

Background: Total knee replacement (TKR) is a common intervention for patients with end-stage osteoarthritis of the knee. Post-surgical management may include cryotherapy. However, the effectiveness of cryotherapy is unclear.

Virtual blood banking in Hong Kong.

OBJECTIVE. To review our experience in virtual blood banking for intra-operative transfusion in Hong Kong. DESIGN.

Impact of the closure of a large urban medical center: a quantitative assessment (part II).

This community health needs assessment-the second part of a mixed-methods project-sought to quantitatively determine the impact of the closure of St. Vincent's Medical Center, a large not-for-profit hospital in NYC on individuals who used its services. Findings from a community survey disseminated to the broader community affected by the closure of this hospital are described.

Impact of the closure of a large urban medical center: a qualitative assessment (part I).

This community health needs assessment-the first part of a mixed-methods project-sought to qualitatively examine the impact of the closure of St. Vincent's Catholic Medical Center, a large not-for-profit hospital in NYC, on individuals who used its services. Key informant interviews with organizational leaders and focus groups with residents were conducted to understand hospital utilization, unmet health care needs, health care utilization and experiences post closure, perceptions of the most significant effect of the closing, and recommendations for improving health care in the community.

Role of chemotherapy in upper urinary tract urothelial cell cancers.

Urothelial cancers of the upper urinary tract are uncommon and often treated in a similar fashion to lower urinary tract urothelial malignancies. Currently, there are no clear guidelines on the use of systemic chemotherapy for upper urinary tract urothelial cancers either in the perioperative setting or in cases of advanced disease. The aim of this article is to review the key studies in upper urinary tract cancers to help develop an understanding about the optimal management and suggest areas for future research.