Humeral Head-Split Fracture in Two Dogs.

Two skeletally immature female dogs were each investigated for chronic weight-bearing thoracic limb lameness. The first patient was lame for 2 months following a tumble whilst playing, and the second patient had been intermittently lame since 3 weeks of age. In both cases, radiographic examination of the shoulder revealed fissuring of the caudal humeral head consistent with an incomplete proximal humeral Salter-Harris type IV fracture with an Enoki-mushroom-like appearance of the caudal fragment, where two heads rise from a common stem.

Kirschner wire creates more microdamage than standard or acrylic drill bits in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculi) femur.

Objective: Histologically evaluate damage to rabbit femur after the creation of bicortical 1.5-mm-diameter holes using a standard surgical drill bit, an acrylic drill bit, and a Kirschner wire (K-wire).

Methods: 10 femora (5 pairs) from skeletally mature female intact New Zealand white rabbits were used.

K-wire is more damaging than standard or acrylic drill bits when evaluating torsional properties of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculi) femurs.

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare drilling variables and torsional mechanical properties of rabbit femora after bicortical drilling with a 1.5-mm standard surgical drill bit, acrylic drill bit, and K-wire.

Samples: 24 pairs of rabbit femora.

Outcomes of 11 dogs with short radius syndrome treated with acute arthroscopically assisted ulnar shortening.

Objective: To describe the short-term outcome of acute arthroscopically assisted ulnar shortening (AUS), to treat short radius syndrome in dogs.

Study Design: Case series.

Animals: Eleven client owned dogs.

Biomechanical comparison of compact versus standard flute drill bits, and interlocking versus buttress thread self-tapping cortical bone screws in cadaveric equine third metacarpal condyle.

Objectives: To compare (1) performance of compact versus standard flute drill bits, (2) screw insertion properties and (3) pullout variables between interlocking thread (ITS) and buttress thread (BTS) self-tapping screws in third metacarpi.

Study Design: In vitro experimental study.

Sample Population: Paired third metacarpi from 11 Thoroughbreds aged 2-4 years.

Number of previous surgeries and antibiotic resistance decreases the success of local administration of antibiotic-impregnated poloxamer 407 hydrogel when managing orthopedic surgical site infections in dogs.

Objective: To report the outcome of locally administered antibiotic-impregnated poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel in dogs diagnosed with orthopedic surgical site infections (SSIs) and to identify risk factors for treatment failure.

Animals: 34 client-owned dogs diagnosed with an orthopedic surgical site infection treated with local antibiotic-impregnated P407 hydrogel.

Procedures: Medical records were reviewed of dogs receiving antibiotic-impregnated P407 hydrogel for an active orthopedic SSI between March 2018 and December 2020.

Metal reactivity is present in dogs with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and total hip replacement implants.

Objective: Determine whether dogs with well-functioning orthopedic metal implants can develop metal reactivity.

Sample: Client-owned dogs that had tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) or total hip replacement (THR) implants for 12 months or more and control dogs with no implants.

Procedures: Lymphocyte transformation testing was performed by exposing peripheral blood lymphocytes to nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), or a combination of these metals.

Results of using multiplanar reconstructed CT images for assessing elbow joint osteoarthritis in dogs are consistent with results of radiographic assessment.

Objective: To compare osteoarthritis scores assigned through radiographic evaluation of 18 anatomic regions in the elbow joint with scores assigned through evaluation of 3-D maximum intensity projection (MIP), 3-D surface rendering (TSR), and multiplanar reconstructed (MPR) CT images, and to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver agreement of radiographic and CT scoring.

Sample: Radiographic and CT images of 39 elbow joints in 20 dogs.

Procedures: Images were anonymized and graded independently by 5 observers.

Long-Term Assessment of Bone Regeneration in Nonunion Fractures Treated with Compression-Resistant Matrix and Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Dogs.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to assess bone density, bone architecture and clinical function of canine nonunion distal appendicular long bone fractures with a defect treated with fixation, compression-resistant matrix and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2).

Study Design:  Prospective cohort study with dogs at least 1-year post treatment. Computed tomography was performed and quantitative measurements from previous fracture sites were compared with measurements from contralateral limbs.

Tissue Engineering of Canine Cartilage from Surgically Debrided Osteochondritis Dissecans Fragments.

This study in dogs explored the feasibility of using cartilage fragments removed and discarded during routine palliative surgery for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) as a source of primary chondrocytes for scaffold-free cartilage tissue-engineering. Primary chondrocytes were obtained from three OCD donors and one age-matched healthy articular cartilage (HAC) donor. After monolayer expansion of primary cells, a three-dimensional spherical suspension culture was implemented.

Training Surgical Residents Utilizing an Animal Shelter Fracture Program.

Working relationships between veterinary medical teaching hospitals, animal shelters, and rescue groups are one way to increase veterinary students' and residents' hands-on training. The goal of this study is to describe the use of a shelter fracture program to improve the surgical skills of surgical residents. In this program, the participating shelter and rescue organizations electronically submit cases.

Influence of interlocking thread screws to repair simulated adult canine humeral condylar fractures.

Objective: To determine the influence of interlocking screw threads on the biomechanical properties of repaired canine humeral condylar fractures.

Study Design: Ex vivo biomechanical study.

Sample Population: Thirty-six humeral condyles.

Comparison of 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography and CT: An exploratory study in 12 dogs with elbow pain.

18F-Sodium Fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) provides high resolution functional information about bone activity and can be fused with CT images to improve three-dimensional localization and characterization of lesions. This prospective, observational study assessed 18F-NaF PET-CT for imaging of canine elbows, compared PET with CT findings, and assessed correlation with lameness. Twelve patients with elbow pain were included.

Perception of gender discrimination among spine surgeons across Latin America: a web-based survey.

Background Context: Female physicians rarely choose spine surgery as their specialty. Although the specialty's nature and its associated lifestyle are potential barriers, gender-related issues may play an important part.

Purpose: To evaluate the gender discrimination among spine surgeons across Latin America.

Comparison of needle arthroscopy, traditional arthroscopy, and computed tomography for the evaluation of medial coronoid disease in the canine elbow.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of still images of needle arthroscopy (SNAR), still images of traditional arthroscopy (STAR), and computed tomography (CT) to diagnose medial coronoid process (MCP) pathology.

Study Design: Prospective clinical trial.

Animals: Dogs (n = 17) presented for evaluation of elbow dysplasia.

Comparison of torsional properties between a Fixateur Externe du Service de Santé des Armées and an acrylic tie-in external skeletal fixator in a red-tailed hawk () synthetic tibiotarsal bone model.

Objective: To compare the torsional mechanical properties of 2 external skeletal fixators (ESFs) placed with 2 intramedullary pin (IP) and transfixation pin (TP) size combinations in a model of raptor tibiotarsal bone fracture.

Sample: 24 ESF-synthetic tibiotarsal bone model (polyoxymethylene) constructs.

Procedures: Synthetic bone models were fabricated with an 8-mm (simulated fracture) gap.

Gender differences in academic rank among faculty surgeons at US veterinary schools in 2019.

Objective: To describe academic rank, gender, surgical career length, and publication record of academic veterinary surgeons and to estimate the association between gender and higher academic rank.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Sample: Residency-trained surgeons at US veterinary schools in 2019.

Release Rates and Complications for Birds of Prey With Antebrachial Fractures at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital.

A retrospective case series that included 253 free-ranging birds of prey admitted to a rehabilitation center was conducted to describe the treatment and outcome of antebrachial fractures. Medical records from birds of prey belonging to 21 species admitted with antebrachial fracture between 1989 and 2015 at the University of California, Davis, were reviewed. Species distribution on admission, treatment, outcome, and complications were described by fracture category and species.

Radiation exposure of dogs and cats undergoing fluoroscopic procedures and for operators performing those procedures.

Objective: To evaluate radiation exposure of dogs and cats undergoing procedures requiring intraoperative fluoroscopy and for operators performing those procedures.

Sample: 360 fluoroscopic procedures performed at 2 academic institutions between 2012 and 2015.

Procedures: Fluoroscopic procedures were classified as vascular, urinary, respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal, and orthopedic.

Comparative histomorphometric analysis of cellular phenotype in canine stifle ligaments and tendon.

Objective: To measure the density of cellular phenotypes in canine caudal cruciate ligament (CaCL), cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and long digital extensor tendon (LDET).

Study Design: Ex-vivo study.

Methods: Ten CaCL, CrCL, MCL, and LDET obtained from 1 stifle of 10 dogs with no gross pathology were analyzed histologically.

Effects of Hole Diameter on Torsional Mechanical Properties of the Rabbit Femur.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of three clinically applicable screw hole diameters on rabbit femoral torsional structural properties.

Sample:  Eighteen pairs of skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbit femora (36 bones).

Materials And Methods:  Femora with a bicortical hole at mid-diaphysis from one of the 3-drill bit sizes, 1.

Open Screw Placement in a 1.5 mm LCP Over a Fracture Gap Decreases Fatigue Life.

Objective: To investigate the influence of plate and screw hole position on the stability of simulated radial fractures stabilized with a 1.5 mm condylar locking compression plate (LCP).

Study Design: mechanical testing of paired cadaveric limbs.

Torsional and axial compressive properties of tibiotarsal bones of red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis).

OBJECTIVE To describe the torsional and axial compressive properties of tibiotarsal bones of red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). SAMPLE 16 cadaveric tibiotarsal bones from 8 red-tailed hawks. PROCEDURES 1 tibiotarsal bone from each bird was randomly assigned to be tested in torsion, and the contralateral bone was tested in axial compression.