New measurements from the Arctic ± 40 days around the summer solstice show reflected sunlight from north of 80°N decreases 20-35%. Arctic sea ice coverage decreases 7-9% over this same time period (as reported by the NSIDC) implying Arctic sea ice albedo decreases in addition to the sea ice receding. Similar Antarctic measurements provide a baseline to which Arctic measurements are compared.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This study aims to combine multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and digitized pathology with machine learning to generate predictive maps of histologic features for prostate cancer localization.
Methods And Materials: Thirty-nine patients underwent MRI prior to prostatectomy. After surgery, tissue was sliced according to MRI orientation using patient-specific 3-dimensionally printed slicing jigs.
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI), including diffusion-weighted imaging, is commonly used to diagnose prostate cancer. This radiology-pathology study correlates prostate cancer grade and morphology with common -value combinations for calculating apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Thirty-nine patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were recruited for MP-MRI prior to surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to diagnose and monitor brain tumors. Extracting additional information from medical imaging and relating it to a clinical variable of interest is broadly defined as radiomics. Here, multiparametric MRI radiomic profiles (RPs) of glioblastoma (GBM) brain tumors is related with patient prognosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetermining the three-dimensional (3D) atomic structure of nanoparticles is critical to identifying the structures controlling their properties. Here, we demonstrate an integrated genetic algorithm (GA) optimization tool that refines the 3D structure of a nanoparticle by matching forward modeling to experimental scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) data and simultaneously minimizing the particle energy. We use the tool to create a refined 3D structural model of an experimentally observed ∼6000 atom Au nanoparticle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymer vesicles are being extensively studied to emulate self-assembly in biological systems and also use them in a variety of biological and industrial applications. This study demonstrates a novel strategy to prepare polymer vesicles in a pure aqueous medium by driving the micelle-to-vesicle transition with metallic nanoparticles. We synthesized poly(2-amino-2-hydroxyethyl aspartamide) (PAHA) substituted with octadecyl chains, which could form micelle-like self-aggregates in the aqueous medium and chemically bind with platinum precursors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman contrast sensitivity in low scotopic conditions is regulated according to the deVries-Rose law. Previous cat behavioral data, as well as cat and mice electrophysiological data, have not confirmed this relationship. To resolve this discrepancy at the behavioral level, we compared sensitivity in dim light for cats and humans in parallel experiments using the same visual stimuli and similar behavioral paradigms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe developed a spectral technique that is independent of the light transport modality (diffusive or nondiffusive) to separate optical changes in scattering and absorption in the cat's brain due to the hemodynamic signal following visual stimulation. We observe changes in oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentration signals during visual stimulation reminiscent of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygenation level dependence (BOLD) effect. Repeated measurements at different locations show that the observed changes are local rather than global.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF