Parenteral Soybean Oil Induces Hepatosteatosis Despite Addition of Fish Oil in a Mouse Model of Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease.

Background: Replacement of parenteral soybean oil (SO) with fish oil (FO) is an effective therapy for intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) in children. However, practitioners remain concerned about the risk of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) and sometimes treat IFALD with a combination of 50% SO and 50% FO emulsions. The purpose of this study was to determine if mixing 50% SO and 50% FO emulsions would prevent hepatosteatosis in a murine model of parenteral nutrition (PN)-induced hepatosteatosis.

Eucaloric Ketogenic Diet Reduces Hypoglycemia and Inflammation in Mice with Endotoxemia.

Dietary strategies to alter the immune response to acute inflammation have the potential to improve outcomes in critically ill patients. A eucaloric ketogenic diet (EKD), composed predominantly of fat with very small amounts of carbohydrate, can provide adequate caloric support while minimizing spikes in blood glucose and reducing oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an EKD on glycemic control and the inflammatory response after acute endotoxemia in mice.

Transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) mitigates bowel damage in a model of gastroschisis.

Purpose: We sought to determine whether intraamniotic delivery of concentrated amniotic-derived mesenchymal stem cells (afMSCs) could reduce damage to exposed bowel in experimental gastroschisis.

Methods: Rat fetuses (n=117) with surgically created gastroschisis were divided into three groups: untreated animals (n=62) and two groups receiving volume-matched intraamniotic injections of either saline (n=25) or 2 × 10(6) cells/mL of syngeneic, labeled afMSCs (n=30). Animals were killed before term, along with normal controls (NL).

The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on bone microstructure in young mice and bone fracture in neonates.

Background: As low bone mineral density is a risk factor for fracture in childhood, optimizing age appropriate bone mass is recommended and might lower the impact of bone loss related to age. Consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids have been shown to beneficially modulate bone metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of fracture in neonates receiving a fish compared with soybean oil-based intravenous lipid emulsion and evaluate the effect of varying dietary omega-3 PUFA consumption on growing bone in young mice.

Docosahexaenoic acid, G protein-coupled receptors, and melanoma: is G protein-coupled receptor 40 a potential therapeutic target?

Background: To determine the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the growth of human melanoma in vitro and in vivo and to better understand the potential role of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) in mediating this effect.

Materials And Methods: For in vitro studies, human melanoma and control fibroblast cells were treated with DHA and TAK-875 (selective GPR40 agonist) and a cell viability assay was performed to determine cell counts. A murine subcutaneous xenograft model of human melanoma was used to test the effect of dietary treatment with an omega-3 fatty acid (FA) rich diet compared with an omega-6 FA rich diet on the growth of human melanoma in vivo.

The effect of varying ratios of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in the prevention and reversal of biochemical essential fatty acid deficiency in a murine model.

Objective: Essential fatty acids (EFA) are necessary for growth, development, and biological function, and must be acquired through the diet. While linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) have been considered the true EFAs, we previously demonstrated that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) taken together as the sole source of dietary fatty acids can prevent biochemical essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). This study evaluates the effect of varying dietary ratios of DHA:AA in the prevention and reversal of biochemical EFAD in a murine model.

Prolonging the female reproductive lifespan and improving egg quality with dietary omega-3 fatty acids.

Women approaching advanced maternal age have extremely poor outcomes with both natural and assisted fertility. Moreover, the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and birth defects increases with age. As of yet, there is no effective and practical strategy for delaying ovarian aging or improving oocyte quality.