Calmodulin acts as a state-dependent switch to control a cardiac potassium channel opening.

Calmodulin (CaM) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP) are potent regulators of the voltage-gated potassium channel KCNQ1 (K7.1), which conducts the cardiac current. Although cryo-electron microscopy structures revealed intricate interactions between the KCNQ1 voltage-sensing domain (VSD), CaM, and PIP, the functional consequences of these interactions remain unknown.

Elastin haploinsufficiency in mice has divergent effects on arterial remodeling with aging depending on sex.

Elastin is a primary structural protein in the arterial wall that contributes to vascular mechanical properties and degrades with aging. Aging is associated with arterial stiffening and an increase in blood pressure. There is evidence that arterial aging follows different timelines with sex.