Dietary phytoestrogens recalibrate socioemotional behavior in C57Bl/6J mice in a sex- and timing-dependent manner.

Estrogens are potent regulators of socioemotional behavior across species. Ubiquitous in human and animal diets, plant-derived phytoestrogens (PE) bind estrogen receptors. While prior work has examined the impact of PE exposure on socioemotional behavior, findings are inconsistent across studies.

Dose-Response Study of Microcystin Congeners MCLA, MCLR, MCLY, MCRR, and MCYR Administered Orally to Mice.

Microcystins are common freshwater cyanobacterial toxins that affect liver function. The toxicities of five microcystin congeners (microcystin-LA (MCLA), MCLR, MCLY, MCRR, and MCYR) commonly observed in harmful algal blooms (HABs) were evaluated in BALB/c mice after a single oral administration of doses ranging from those that were no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) to lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs). Animals were monitored for changes in behavior and appearance, and euthanized 24 h after dosing.

Toxicity of Balb-c mice exposed to recently identified 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-[1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propan-2-yl]oxyethane-1-sulfonic acid (PFESA-BP2).

1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-[1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propan-2-yl]oxyethane-1-sulfonic acid (PFESA-BP2) was first detected in 2012 in the Cape Fear River downstream of an industrial manufacturing facility. It was later detected in the finished drinking water of municipalities using the Cape Fear River for their water supply. No toxicology data exist for this contaminant despite known human exposure.

The Comparative Toxicity of 10 Microcystin Congeners Administered Orally to Mice: Clinical Effects and Organ Toxicity.

Microcystins (MCs) are common cyanobacterial toxins that occur in freshwaters worldwide. Only two of the >200 MC variants have been tested for potential toxicity after oral exposure. This paper reports on the toxicity of 10 different MC congeners identified in algal blooms, microcystin-LR (MCLR), MCLA, MCLF, MCLW, MCLY, MCRR, [Asp3]MCRR, [Asp3,Dhb7]MCRR, MCWR, and MCYR after single administrations to BALB/c mice.

Intra- and Interlaboratory Evaluation of an Assay of Soil Arsenic Relative Bioavailability in Mice.

Hand-to-mouth activity in children can be an important route for ingestion of soil and dust contaminated with inorganic arsenic. Estimating the relative bioavailability of arsenic present in these media is a critical element in assessing the risks associated with aggregate exposure to this toxic metalloid during their early life. Here, we evaluated the performance of a mouse assay for arsenic bioavailability in two laboratories using a suite of 10 soils.

Minimal Evidence for a Secondary Loss of Strength After an Acute Muscle Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: An immediate loss of strength follows virtually all types of muscle injury but there is debate whether the initial strength loss is maximal or if a secondary loss of strength occurs during the first 3 days post-injury.

Objective: The objective of this analysis was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research literature to determine if a secondary loss of strength occurs after an injurious initiating event.

Methods: Literature searches were performed using eight electronic databases (e.

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel water-soluble nocathiacin analogs.

Semi-synthetic water-soluble analogs were synthesized from nocathiacin I through the formation of a versatile intermediate nocathiacin amine 5, and subsequent transformation via reductive amination, acylation or urea formation. Several of the novel analogs displayed much improved aqueous solubility over 1, while retained antibacterial activity. Compound 15 and 16 from the amide series, demonstrated excellent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity.

Nocathiacin analogs: Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel water-soluble amides.

Novel water-soluble amide analogs were synthesized from nocathiacin I (1) through the formation of the carboxylic acid intermediate followed by coupling to primary or secondary amines. Several compounds with potent antibacterial activity and adequate water solubility were identified. Of these, compound 19 was selected for more extensive evaluation because of its excellent in vitro antibacterial activity and in vivo efficacy, as well as clean off-target screening.

Conversion of nocathiacin I to nocathiacin acid by a mild and selective cleavage of dehydroalanine.

Thiazolyl peptide antibiotic nocathiacin I (1) was converted to nocathiacin acid (4) in high yield by treatment with trifluoroacetic anhydride and pyridine in THF at room temperature. Two equipotent water-soluble amide analogues of nocathiacin I were readily prepared from this important and versatile carboxylic acid intermediate under mild peptide coupling conditions. The present method is useful for chemical derivatization of complex natural products that contain C-terminal dehydroalanine.