Cytotoxic edema is associated with injury severity but not abusive mechanism in young children with traumatic brain injury.

Background: Cytotoxic Edema (CE) is a form of brain parenchymal injury hypothesized to be associated with abusive mechanism and poor outcome for young children with traumatic brain injury. CE is reliably identified by magnetic resonance imaging but not by computed tomography.

Objective: We sought to test the association of CE with injury severity, mechanism (abusive or non-abusive) and functional outcome in a large cohort of young children who all had magnetic resonance imaging.

Emotional well-being in transition-age adults with pediatric-onset disabilities: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose/objective: The transition from childhood to adulthood often involves emotional challenges. These problems may be especially prominent for transition-age adults (TAA) with pediatric-onset disabilities, although there are currently few studies that speak to this. The aim of this study is to characterize depressive symptoms and the association with family functioning in a sample of TAA with pediatric-onset disabilities.

Health Care, Educational, and Vocational Transitions in Young Adults With Pediatric-Onset Disabilities: Associations With Social Determinants of Health.

Objective: We aim to describe health care, vocational, and educational transitions in young adults with pediatric-onset disabilities and to examine the associations with social determinants of health and depressive symptoms.

Design: This cross-sectional study used multinomial and binary logistic regression to examine the associations of sociodemographic factors and depressive symptoms with health care, educational, and vocational transitions.

Setting: Participants were recruited from outpatient specialty clinics in a rehabilitation medicine department at a quaternary academic children's hospital.

Postnatal Zika and Dengue Infection and their Effects on Neurodevelopment Among Children Living in Rural Guatemala.

Background: Prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection leads to microcephaly and adverse neurodevelopment. The effects of postnatal ZIKV infection on the developing brain are unknown. We assessed the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children exposed postnatally during the ZIKV epidemic.

Designing a Module on Stuttering and Cluttering: A Guide for Speech-Language Pathology Educators.

Purpose: Due to the scope of practice of speech-language pathology (SLP) expanding considerably in recent times, there is reduced emphasis on certain communication conditions within the curricula of SLP university programs. Stuttering and cluttering are neglected components of such curricula, despite the complex clinical skill set required to work with these client groups. Evaluation of the content and quality of modules on stuttering and cluttering is warranted to ensure that SLP students are graduating with adequate competence and confidence for supporting people with these conditions.

Caregiver report of social-emotional functioning in infants and young children after inflicted traumatic brain injury.

Social-emotional difficulties are common sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Children who have experienced inflicted TBI (iTBI) may be at increased risk for social-emotional problems due to the risk factors associated with both early neurologic injury and with child maltreatment. We characterized the associations among injury severity, caregiver type (i.

Exploring participatory health research and its application to speech and language therapy research practices.

Background: The role of participatory health research (PHR) is increasingly acknowledged by funding bodies, researchers and civil society globally; however, it continues to be under-represented in the speech and language therapy (SLT) research literature. This collaborative research approach is associated with the increased application of research evidence, and the generation of positive impacts in practice, policy, health systems and society.

Aims: To increase researchers' and other participatory partners' understanding of PHR, and to demonstrate its applicability to research in the SLT field.

Cumulative Febrile, Respiratory, and Gastrointestinal Illness Among Infants in Rural Guatemala and Association With Neurodevelopmental and Growth Outcomes.

Background: Infectious disease exposures in early life are increasingly recognized as a risk factor for poor subsequent growth and neurodevelopment. We aimed to evaluate the association between cumulative illness with neurodevelopment and growth outcomes in a birth cohort of Guatemalan infants.

Methods: From June 2017 to July 2018, infants 0-3 months of age living in a resource-limited region of rural southwest Guatemala were enrolled and underwent weekly at-home surveillance for caregiver-reported cough, fever, and vomiting/diarrhea.

The influence of sociodemographic factors and response style on caregiver report of infant developmental status.

Caregiver report is the most feasible way to assess early childhood development but is susceptible to the influences of response style and sociodemographic factors. In a sample of 571 caregiver-infant dyads (47.8% female; 48% White), we compared caregiver reports on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Third Edition (ASQ-3) with reports on a novel, web-based assessment, PediaTrac™.

Challenges and lessons learned from the rapid operationalization of a prospective cohort to study the natural history and neurodevelopmental outcomes of postnatal Zika virus infection among infants and children in rural Guatemala.

During the course of the 2015-2017 outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas, the emerging virus was recognized as a congenital infection that could damage the developing brain. As the Latin American ZIKV outbreak advanced, the scientific and public health community questioned if this newly recognized neurotropic flavivirus could affect the developing brain of infants and young children infected after birth. We report here the study design, methods and the challenges and lessons learned from the rapid operationalization of a prospective natural history cohort study aimed at evaluating the potential neurological and neurodevelopmental effects of postnatal ZIKV infection in infants and young children, which had become epidemic in Central America.

Anthropometric proxies for child neurodevelopment in low-resource settings: length- or height-for-age, head circumference or both?

Stunting (<-2 SD of length- or height-for-age on WHO growth curves) is the most used predictor of child neurodevelopmental (ND) risk. Occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) may be an equally feasible, but more direct and robust predictor. We explored association of the two measurements with ND outcome, separately and combined, and examined if cutoffs are more efficacious than continuous measures in predicting ND risk.

A prospective cohort study of head circumference and its association with neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants and young children in rural Guatemala.

Microcephaly, an anthropometric marker of reduced brain volume and predictor of developmental disability, is rare in high-income countries. Recent reports show the prevalence of microcephaly to be much higher in lower resource settings. We calculated the prevalence of microcephaly in infants and young children (n = 642; age range = 0.

Obtaining consensus on core components of stuttering intervention for adults: An e-Delphi Survey with key stakeholders.

Background: Evidence-based practice involves the synthesis of multiple forms of evidence to inform clinical decision-making and treatment evaluation. Practice- and patient-based evidence are two forms of evidence that are under-represented in the stuttering literature. The collection of such knowledge is essential to support the design and delivery of effective stuttering interventions for adults.

Caregiver rating of early childhood development: Reliability and validity of the ASQ-3 in rural Guatemala.

Background: Although performance-based assessment of early childhood development is preferred, there are a number of limitations to this methodology in low resource settings (LRSs). Hence, clinicians and researchers often rely on caregiver report screening tools. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3 (ASQ) is one of the most widely used caregiver report measures globally.

Effectiveness of nonpharmacological stuttering interventions on communication and psychosocial functioning in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the research evidence examining the effectiveness of nonpharmacological stuttering therapy on communication and psychosocial functioning for adults who stutter.

Methods: A systematic search of nine electronic databases for studies published from database inception to December 2018 was completed to identify randomized controlled trials of interventions for adults with developmental stuttering. Two reviewers independently screened articles and assessed methodological quality using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.

International expert perspectives on the principles and components of effective intervention for adults who stutter.

Background: While evidence-based practice is widely endorsed by researchers, clinicians and professional bodies as a guiding framework for the provision of quality care to clients, the reliance on efficacy evidence may overshadow the benefits of other knowledge forms in supporting intervention design and evaluation. Due consideration needs to be given to varied forms of evidence, including practice and patient evidence. Stuttering intervention for adults is one area in which there is a significant shortage of practice-based research literature.

Reliability and Validity of an Adapted and Translated Version of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (AT-MSEL) in Rural Guatemala.

Background: A growing literature base supports the use of tests developed in high-income countries to assess children in low resource settings when carefully translated, adapted, and applied. Evaluation of psychometric properties of adapted and translated measures within populations is necessary. The current project sought to evaluate the reliability and validity of an adapted and translated version of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (AT-MSEL) in rural Guatelama.

Receptive language skills among young children in rural Guatemala: The relationship between the Test de Vocabulario en Imagenes Peabody and a translated and adapted version of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning.

Background: Children in low- and lower middle income countries (LMICs) often have poorer language skills compared with children from high-income countries. Limited availability of culturally and linguistically appropriate assessment measures in LMICs, especially for young children, can hinder early identification and prevention efforts. Here, we describe receptive language (RL) skills among young children in rural Guatemala and report on the validity of a translated and culturally adapted developmental measure of RL.

The lived experience of stuttering: a synthesis of qualitative studies with implications for rehabilitation.

: Stuttering is a chronic communication disorder resulting in challenging life experiences for many individuals. This review aimed to integrate qualitative findings on the lived experiences of people who stutter and identify implications for rehabilitation.: A systematic literature search of electronic databases for studies published since 2000 was completed to identify research papers that used qualitative methods to explore the lived experiences of adults who stutter.