Effect of Sarcobesity Index and Body Adipose Tissue Variables on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Performance in Colorectal Surgery Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

The prognostic significance of body composition variables has become a popular area of research over the recent years. This study aimed to determine whether adipose tissue variables and sarcobesity index measured by computed tomography (CT) could predict cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) performance and long-term mortality in patients undergoing major colorectal surgery. The Strengthening the Reporting of Cohort Studies in Surgery (STROCSS) statement standards were followed to conduct a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who had CPET prior to major colorectal surgery between January 2011 and January 2017.

Association between psoas major muscle mass and CPET performance and long-term survival following major colorectal surgery: A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate whether computed tomography (CT)-derived psoas major muscle measurements could predict preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) performance and long-term mortality in patients undergoing major colorectal surgery and to compare predictive performance of psoas muscle measurements using 2D approach and 3D approach.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study compliant with STROCSS standards was conducted. Consecutive patients undergoing major colorectal surgery between January 2011 and January 2017 following CPET as part of their preoperative assessment were included.

Sarcopenia versus clinical frailty scale in predicting the risk of postoperative mortality after emergency laparotomy: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To compare predictive significance of sarcopenia and clinical frailty scale (CFS) in terms of postoperative mortality in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy METHODS: In compliance with STROCSS statement standards, a retrospective cohort study with prospective data collection approach was conducted. The study period was between January 2017 and January 2022. All adult patients with non-traumatic acute abdominal pathology who underwent emergency laparotomy in our centre were included.

Development and Validation of HAS (Hajibandeh Index, ASA Status, Sarcopenia) - A Novel Model for Predicting Mortality After Emergency Laparotomy.

Objectives: To develop and validate a predictive model to predict the risk of postoperative mortality after emergency laparotomy taking into account the following variables: age, age ≥ 80, ASA status, clinical frailty score, sarcopenia, Hajibandeh Index (HI), bowel resection, and intraperitoneal contamination.

Summary Background Data: The discriminative powers of the currently available predictive tools range between adequate and strong; none has demonstrated excellent discrimination yet.

Methods: The TRIPOD and STROCSS statement standards were followed to protocol and conduct a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent emergency laparotomy due to non-traumatic acute abdominal pathology between 2017 and 2022.

Tao brush endometrial cytology is a sensitive diagnostic tool for cancer and hyperplasia among women presenting to clinic with abnormal uterine bleeding.

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding requires the investigation of the endometrium. Histology is typically used but there remains room for the improvement and use of cytology.

Methods: Women presenting for clinically indicated office endometrial biopsy were prospectively enrolled.

Association of a novel endometrial cancer biomarker panel with prognostic risk, platinum insensitivity, and targetable therapeutic options.

During the past decade, the age-adjusted mortality rate for endometrial cancer (EC) increased 1.9% annually with TP53 mutant (TP53-mu) EC disproportionally represented in advanced disease and deaths. Therefore, we aimed to assess pivotal molecular parameters that differentiate clinical outcomes in high- and low-risk EC.

Defensive Perimeter in the Central Nervous System: Predominance of Astrocytes and Astrogliosis during Recovery from Varicella-Zoster Virus Encephalitis.

Unlabelled: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a highly neurotropic virus that can cause infections in both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. Several studies of VZV reactivation in the peripheral nervous system (herpes zoster) have been published, while exceedingly few investigations have been carried out in a human brain. Notably, there is no animal model for VZV infection of the central nervous system.

Paraspinal neurofibromas and hypertrophic neuropathy in Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines.

Background: Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML), formerly known as LEOPARD syndrome, is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterised by lentigines, EKG abnormalities, ocular hypertelorism, pulmonic stenosis, abnormal genitalia, growth retardation and deafness. There is significant clinical overlap between NSML and other disorders that result from dysregulated rat sarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (RASopathies). Except for neurofibromatosis type 1, other RASopathies are not known to be typically associated with neurogenic tumours.

An Optimized Set of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Probes for Detection of Pancreatobiliary Tract Cancer in Cytology Brush Samples.

Background & Aims: Pancreatobiliary cancer is detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of pancreatobiliary brush samples with UroVysion probes, originally designed to detect bladder cancer. We designed a set of new probes to detect pancreatobiliary cancer and compared its performance with that of UroVysion and routine cytology analysis.

Methods: We tested a set of FISH probes on tumor tissues (cholangiocarcinoma or pancreatic carcinoma) and non-tumor tissues from 29 patients.

Detection of endometrial cancer via molecular analysis of DNA collected with vaginal tampons.

Objective: We demonstrate the feasibility of detecting EC by combining minimally-invasive specimen collection techniques with sensitive molecular testing.

Methods: Prior to hysterectomy for EC or benign indications, women collected vaginal pool samples with intravaginal tampons and underwent endometrial brushing. Specimens underwent pyrosequencing for DNA methylation of genes reported to be hypermethylated in gynecologic cancers and recently identified markers discovered by profiling over 200 ECs.

Detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis by EUS fine-needle aspiration: impact on staging and resectability (with videos).

Background: Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) greatly affects cancer staging and resectability.

Objective: To compare the PC detection rate by using EUS and noninvasive imaging and to determine the impact on staging and resectability.

Design: Retrospective study.

Diagnostic accuracy of bronchial brush cytology and the added value of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.

Background: Bronchial brush (BB) cytology carries low sensitivity for detecting neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), including typical carcinoid (TC) tumors of the lung. We aimed to investigate the detection of neuroendocrine tumors including TC through BB routine cytology cell block (CB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Materials And Methods: A SNOMED search showed 187 lung biopsy or resection specimens from 2008 through 2011 containing neuroendocrine or carcinoid in the diagnosis.

An investigation into false-negative transthoracic fine needle aspiration and core biopsy specimens.

Transthoracic fine needle aspiration (TFNA)/core needle biopsy (CNB) under computed tomography (CT) guidance has proved useful in the assessment of pulmonary nodules. We sought to determine the TFNA false-negative (FN) rate at our institution and identify potential causes of FN diagnoses. Medical records were reviewed from 1,043 consecutive patients who underwent CT-guided TFNA with or without CNB of lung nodules over a 5-year time period (2003-2007).

Immunohistochemistry practices of cytopathology laboratories: a survey of participants in the College of American Pathologists Nongynecologic Cytopathology Education Program.

Context: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is important for cytology but poses special challenges because preanalytic conditions may differ from the conditions of IHC-positive controls.

Objective: To broadly survey cytology laboratories to quantify preanalytic platforms for cytology IHC and identify problems with particular platforms or antigens. To discover how validation guidelines for HER2 testing have affected cytology.

Magnetic resonance imaging in rectal cancer: a surgeon's perspective.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rectal cancer was first investigated in 1999 and has become almost mandatory in planning rectal cancer treatment. MRI has a high accuracy in predicting circumferential resection margin involvement and is used to plan neoadjuvant therapy. The accuracy of MRI in assessing mesorectal lymph nodes remains moderate, as there are no reliable criteria to assess nodal involvement.

Comparison of urine cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization in upper urothelial tract samples.

Background: The cytologic diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the upper urothelial tract (UT) is challenging. Using the UroVysion probe set adds diagnostic value for the detection of bladder cancer in voided urine. In instrumented UT specimens, the authors encountered positive UT cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) cases that did not demonstrate subsequent UT carcinoma.

Cervical cancer screening in Ghana, west Africa: prevalence of abnormal cytology and challenges for expanding screening.

Aims were to assess the prevalence of Papanicolaou (Pap) abnormalities found with cervical cancer screening in Agogo and Nkawie, communities in the Ashanti region of Ghana, and compare the correlation between Pap readings performed at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, and at the Mayo Clinic cytology laboratory in Rochester, MN. Demographic data was collected and Pap tests were performed on women recruited for screening in the communities of Agogo (n=119) and Nkawie (n=255). The Pap tests were assessed by pathology laboratory staff at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Mayo Clinic.

Uterine cellular leiomyomata with chromosome 1p deletions represent a distinct entity.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether 1p deletion defines a subset of cellular leiomyomata (CL), which is a hypercellular variant of uterine leiomyomata that may have delayed malignant potential, and to correlate this genetic change with clinical and pathologic characteristics including those present in uterine sarcomas.

Study Design: Available CL cases at the Mayo Clinic (n = 101) and variant cases reported in another article (n = 16) were identified. Each case with sufficient tissue that met histologic criteria for CL when reviewed by a single pathologist underwent interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization to determine the presence of 1p deletion.

Development of a multivariate model to predict the likelihood of carcinoma in patients with indeterminate peripheral lung nodules after a nondiagnostic bronchoscopic evaluation.

Studies have shown that fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing increases lung cancer detection on cytology specimens in peripheral nodules. The goal of this study was to determine whether a predictive model using clinical features and routine cytology with FISH results could predict lung malignancy after a nondiagnostic bronchoscopic evaluation. Patients with an indeterminate peripheral lung nodule that had a nondiagnostic bronchoscopic evaluation were included in this study (N = 220).

Primary sclerosing cholangitis with equivocal cytology: fluorescence in situ hybridization and serum CA 19-9 predict risk of malignancy.

Background: Patients diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and dominant strictures often undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with brush cytology to exclude or confirm the development of malignancy. Equivocal (atypical or suspicious) routine cytologic results may confound patient management decisions, especially in the absence of a mass on imaging. The objective of the current study was to identify independent predictors of malignancy in patients with PSC with an equivocal cytology diagnosis.

Improving the accuracy of pancreatobiliary tract cytology with fluorescence in situ hybridization: a molecular test with proven clinical success.

The detection of aneuploidy by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has revolutionized how laboratories diagnose cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma using cytology specimens. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated that FISH increases the diagnostic sensitivity of routine cytology for detecting pancreatobiliary tract malignancy with minimal decreases in clinical specificity. FISH also provides useful information in difficult clinical scenarios, including the assessment of patients with biliary strictures who have equivocal cytology results and the assessment of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis who have clinical features suggestive of malignancy.

Performance differences between conventional smears and liquid-based preparations of thyroid fine-needle aspiration samples: analysis of 47,076 responses in the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Non-Gynecologic Cytology.

Context: Controversy exists about whether thyroid fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) should be processed with conventional smears or liquid-based preparations (LBPs).

Objective: To compare the performance of conventional smears to LBPs for thyroid FNA slides circulated in the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Non-Gynecologic Cytology.

Design: Participant responses for thyroid FNA slides were compared with the reference diagnosis at the level of 3 general diagnostic categories: negative, suspicious (which included only follicular and Hürthle cell neoplasm), and malignant.