Development of a Duplex Immunocapture Reverse-Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for Large-Scale Detection of Potato Mop-Top Virus in Dormant Potato Tubers.

Potato is an important sector to the U.S. economy, and it created over $100 billion in economic activity in 2021.

Plant necrotrophic bacterial disease resistance phenotypes, QTL, and metabolites identified through integrated genetic mapping and metabolomics in species.

Most food crops are susceptible to necrotrophic bacteria that cause rotting and wilting diseases in fleshy organs and foods. All varieties of cultivated potato ( L.) are susceptible to diseases caused by species, but resistance has been demonstrated in wild potato relatives including .

Brassica Cover Crops and Natural Infestation of Peat-Based Potting Mix May Increase Powdery Scab Risk on Potato.

is a soilborne plasmodiophorid that causes powdery scab and root gall formation in potato. In this study, 18 cover crops suitable for use in dry, high-altitude potato production regions were assessed in potting mix trials to determine whether these cover crops altered population levels. Although appeared to invade roots of all plant species tested, the pathogen was unable to complete its life cycle on 11 of 18 cover crops based on postharvest qPCR and microscopy results.

Protease Inhibitors from Inhibit Virulence by Reducing Bacterial Protease Activity and Motility.

Potato is a major staple crop, and necrotrophic bacterial pathogens such as spp. are a major threat to global food security. Most lines of cultivated potato () are susceptible to spp.

Species of and Isolated during an Outbreak of Blackleg and Soft Rot of Potato in Northeastern and North Central United States.

An outbreak of bacterial soft rot and blackleg of potato has occurred since 2014 with the epicenter being in the northeastern region of the United States. Multiple species of and are causal agents, resulting in losses to commercial and seed potato production over the past decade in the Northeastern and North Central United States. To clarify the pathogen present at the outset of the epidemic in 2015 and 2016, a phylogenetic study was made of 121 pectolytic soft rot bacteria isolated from symptomatic potato; also included were 27 type strains of and species, and 47 historic reference strains.

Pangenomic Analysis of Strains Related to the Outbreak of Blackleg and Soft Rot of Potato in the United States.

has caused an outbreak of blackleg and soft rot of potato in the eastern half of the United States since 2015. To investigate genetic diversity of the pathogen, a comparative analysis was conducted on genomes of strains. Whole genomes of 16 strains from the United States outbreak were assembled and compared with 16 previously sequenced genomes of isolated from potato or carnation.

The Role of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Bacterial Phytopathogenesis.

Bacteria use selective membrane transporting strategies to support cell survival in different environments. Of the membrane transport systems, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to deliver substrate across the cytoplasmic membrane, are the largest and most diverse superfamily. These transporters import nutrients, export molecules, and are required for diverse cell functions, including cell division and morphology, gene regulation, surface motility, chemotaxis, and interspecies competition.

Genotyping Causing Potato Blackleg and Soft Rot Outbreak Associated With Inoculum Geography in the United States.

An outbreak of blackleg and soft rot of potato, caused primarily by the bacterial pathogen , has resulted in significant economic losses in the northeastern United States since 2015. The spread of this seedborne disease is highly associated with seed distribution; therefore, the pathogen likely spread with seed tubers. To describe the blackleg epidemic and track inoculum origins, a total of 1,183 potato samples were collected from 11 states associated with blackleg outbreak from 2015 to 2019.

Metabolites from Wild Potato Inhibit Virulence Factors of the Soft Rot and Blackleg Pathogen .

Potato ( L.) is the primary vegetable crop consumed worldwide and is largely affected by bacterial pathogens that can cause soft rot and blackleg disease. Recently, resistance to these diseases has been identified in the wild potato , and the mechanism of resistance is unknown.

Evaluation of Effects of Chemical Soil Treatments and Potato Cultivars on Soil Inoculum and Incidence of Powdery Scab and Potato Mop-Top Virus in Potato.

is a soilborne plasmodiophorid that causes powdery scab in potato. It also transmits potato mop-top virus (PMTV), which causes necrotic arcs (spraing) in potato tubers. Three field experiments were conducted in naturally -infested soil to investigate the effects of two chemicals, Omega 500F (fluazinam) and FOLI-R-PLUS RIDEZ (biological extract), on powdery scab, PMTV, and changes in inoculum with six different potato cultivars.

Laboratory Assays Used to Rank Potato Cultivar Tolerance to Blackleg Showed That Tuber Vacuum Infiltration Results Correlate With Field Observations.

Seed potato certification data collected in Colorado from 2012 to 2016 was used to rank potato cultivar tolerance to blackleg. Five cultivars with different tolerance levels to blackleg ('Chipeta' ≈ 'Alegria' ≈ 'Lamoka' < 'Classic Russet' < 'Yukon Gem') were tested to determine whether we could validate field data with laboratory assays. A strain isolated from Colorado, CW1-4, and the type strain, 33260, were used to inoculate plants through vacuum infiltration of tubers or stem inoculation.

Direct Binding of Salicylic Acid to -Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Synthase.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone that mediates systemic acquired resistance in plants. We demonstrated that SA can interfere with group behavior and virulence of the soft-rot plant pathogen spp. through quorum sensing (QS) inhibition.

Detection and Quantification of Sporosori in Soil by Quantitative Real-Time PCR.

Powdery scab on potato tubers is caused by the obligate soilborne biotroph and is known to cause substantial losses in potato production. The pathogen also infects roots of susceptible hosts, forming galls which can negatively affect root function. is also the vector of , which causes a tuber necrosis disease that can, depending on temperature and cultivar, render potato tubers unmarketable.

Development of the Automated Primer Design Workflow Uniqprimer and Diagnostic Primers for the Broad-Host-Range Plant Pathogen .

Uniqprimer, a software pipeline developed in Python, was deployed as a user-friendly internet tool in Rice Galaxy for comparative genome analyses to design primer sets for PCRassays capable of detecting target bacterial taxa. The pipeline was trialed with , a destructive broad-host-range bacterial pathogen found in most potato-growing regions. is a highly variable genus, and some primers available to detect this genus and species exhibit common diagnostic failures.

Complete Genome Sequence of Dickeya dianthicola ME23, a Pathogen Causing Blackleg and Soft Rot Diseases of Potato.

In 2014, an outbreak of potato blackleg and soft rot disease emerged in North America and continues to impact potato production. Here, we report the annotated genome sequence of Dickeya dianthicola ME23, a strain hypothesized to be representative of the bacterial population responsible for this disease outbreak.

Optimization of an isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification method for real-time detection of Potato virus Y O and N types in potato.

Potato virus Y (PVY) is a global challenge for potato production and the leading cause of seed crop downgrading and rejection for certification. Accurate and timely diagnosis is key to effective control of PVY. Here we optimized the isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for accurate detection of different PVY O and N types that were tested, present in different tissues of potato plants including tubers with a primer set that specifically targets the highly conserved pipo region within the viral genome.

Colorado Seed Potato Certification Data Analysis Shows Mosaic and Blackleg are Major Diseases of Seed Potato and Identifies Tolerant Potato Varieties.

Seed potato certification programs aim to limit disease incidence in planting material to levels below a threshold that causes significant losses to seed potato buyers. Records maintained for seed potato certification can be analyzed for trends in seed potato varietal mixture and disease incidences over time. We used logistic regression models to determine effects of year, potato variety, and their interaction on the incidences of potato diseases and disorders based on seed potato certification data collected in Colorado from 2012 to 2016.

The Changing Face of Bacterial Soft-Rot Diseases.

Bacterial soft rot is a disease complex caused by multiple genera of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, with Dickeya and Pectobacterium being the most widely studied soft-rot bacterial pathogens. In addition to soft rot, these bacteria also cause blackleg of potato, foot rot of rice, and bleeding canker of pear. Multiple Dickeya and Pectobacterium species cause the same symptoms on potato, complicating epidemiology and disease resistance studies.

Phylogenetic and Morphological Identification of the Novel Pathogen of Rheum palmatum Leaf Spot in Gansu, China.

A new leaf spot disease was observed on leaves of Rheum palmatum (Chinese rhubarb) in Northwest China (Gansu Province) starting in 2005. A Septoria-like fungus was isolated and completion of Koch's postulates confirmed that the fungus was the casual agent of the leaf spot disease. Morphology and molecular methods were combined to identify the pathogen.

Identification of host-microbe interaction factors in the genomes of soft rot-associated pathogens Dickeya dadantii 3937 and Pectobacterium carotovorum WPP14 with supervised machine learning.

Background: A wealth of genome sequences has provided thousands of genes of unknown function, but identification of functions for the large numbers of hypothetical genes in phytopathogens remains a challenge that impacts all research on plant-microbe interactions. Decades of research on the molecular basis of pathogenesis focused on a limited number of factors associated with long-known host-microbe interaction systems, providing limited direction into this challenge. Computational approaches to identify virulence genes often rely on two strategies: searching for sequence similarity to known host-microbe interaction factors from other organisms, and identifying islands of genes that discriminate between pathogens of one type and closely related non-pathogens or pathogens of a different type.

Integrated Control of Potato Pathogens Through Seed Potato Certification and Provision of Clean Seed Potatoes.

Long-term data sets are rare in agriculture, and the impact of plant diseases on food production is challenging to measure, which makes it difficult to assess the impact of policy changes or research-based disease control efforts. Despite this challenge, it is clear that one of the largest impacts of biological research on food security over the past century has been in production of vegetatively propagated fruit and vegetable crops such as potato. The yield and quality of these crops is higher in countries that have effective plant propagation and certification systems.

The type III secreted effector DspE is required early in solanum tuberosum leaf infection by Pectobacterium carotovorum to cause cell death, and requires Wx(3-6)D/E motifs.

Pectobacterium species are enterobacterial plant-pathogens that cause soft rot disease in diverse plant species. Unlike hemi-biotrophic plant pathogenic bacteria, the type III secretion system (T3SS) of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (P.

Salmonella enterica suppresses Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum population and soft rot progression by acidifying the microaerophilic environment.

Unlabelled: Although enteric human pathogens are usually studied in the context of their animal hosts, a significant portion of their life cycle occurs on plants. Plant disease alters the phyllosphere, leading to enhanced growth of human pathogens; however, the impact of human pathogens on phytopathogen biology and plant health is largely unknown. To characterize the interaction between human pathogens and phytobacterial pathogens in the phyllosphere, we examined the interactions between Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.