Correlation of Renal Tissue Oxygenation to Venous, Arterial, and Capillary Blood Gas Oxygen Saturation in Preterm Neonates.

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the correlation of renal regional tissue saturation of oxygen (RrSO) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in preterm neonates to venous oxygen saturation (SvO) obtained from umbilical venous catheters (UVCs), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO) obtained from umbilical artery catheters (UACs), and capillary oxygen saturation (ScO) from capillary heel blood draws.

Study Design: A secondary analysis of a prospective RrSO monitoring study in preterm neonates born <32 weeks gestational age. Neonates with any blood gas obtained during RrSO monitoring were included.

Characterization of Dual-Acting A Adenosine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators That Preferentially Enhance Adenosine-Induced Gα and Gα Isoprotein Activation.

The A adenosine receptor (AAR) is a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases, cancer, and chronic neuropathic pain, with agonists already in advanced clinical trials. Here we report an in-depth comparison of the pharmacological properties and structure-activity relationships of existing and expanded compound libraries of 2-substituted 1-imidazo[4,5-]quinolin-4-amine and 4-amino-substituted quinoline derivatives that function as AAR positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). We also show that our lead compound from each series enhances adenosine-induced AAR signaling preferentially toward activation of Gα and Gα isoproteins, which are coexpressed with the AAR in immune cells and spinal cord neurons.

Renal tissue oxygenation after caffeine administration in preterm neonates.

Background: Caffeine has been associated with reduced rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) in preterm neonates. The effect of caffeine on preterm neonatal renal regional saturation of oxygen (RrSO) is unknown.

Methods: RrSO was recorded continuously in neonates < 32 weeks' gestation until 7 days of age with INVOS™ neonatal near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensors.

Design and in Vivo Characterization of A Adenosine Receptor Agonists in the Native Ribose and Conformationally Constrained (N)-Methanocarba Series.

(N)-Methanocarba ([3.1.0]bicyclohexyl) adenosines and corresponding ribosides were synthesized to identify novel A adenosine receptor (AAR) agonists for CNS or peripheral applications.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) signaling in the prefrontal cortex modulates cued fear learning, but not spatial working memory, in female rats.

A genetic polymorphism within the gene encoding the pituitary adenylate cyclase- activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptor type I (PAC1R) has recently been associated with hyper-reactivity to threat-related cues in women, but not men, with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PACAP is a highly conserved peptide, whose role in mediating adaptive physiological stress responses is well established. Far less is understood about the contribution of PACAP signaling in emotional learning and memory, particularly the encoding of fear to discrete cues.