Self-reported Health Diagnoses and Demographic Correlates With Kratom Use: Results From an Online Survey.

Objectives: To determine whether diagnosed pre-existing health conditions correlate with Kratom demographics and use patterns.

Methods: A cross-sectional, anonymous US national online survey was conducted among 8049 Kratom users in October, 2016 to obtain demographic, health, and Kratom use pattern information.

Results: People who use Kratom to mitigate illicit drug dependence self-reported less pain and better overall health than individuals who used Kratom for acute/chronic pain.

Distinct kratom user populations across the United States: A regional analysis based on an online survey.

Objective: Kratom preparations have raised concerns of public health and safety in the United States. This paper analyzed the patterns and predictors of kratom use by four U.S.

Bacteremias following autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: Risk factors and outcomes.

Background: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a commonly used treatment for multiple myeloma (MM). This retrospective cohort study characterizes the risk factors and outcomes associated with bacteremia following ASCT at a single center.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis in subjects who underwent ASCT for multiple myeloma and other malignancies from May 2014 to March 2015 at a single center.

FRAX is a robust predictor of baseline vertebral fractures in multiple myeloma patients.

FRAX is a commonly used tool to evaluate patient fracture risk based on individual patient models that integrate the risks associated with clinical risk factors with or without bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck. Retrospectively, factors identified by the FRAX scoring algorithm were used to predict the risk for vertebral compression fractures at baseline in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. The data were derived from myeloma patients enrolled in Total Therapy Protocols (TT4 & TT5) between 8/2008 and 9/2017.

Comparison of Postbaccalaureate and Baccalaureate Graduates' Performance in First and Second Years of Dental School.

Postbaccalaureate programs help predental students strengthen their basic science knowledge and improve their study skills before applying or reapplying for dental school admission. A high percentage of postbac students are admitted to and graduate from dental schools, but gaining greater understanding of how well these students perform in key areas of the first two years' curriculum would be useful for the design of those programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate postbac dental students' performance in the D1 and D2 years at one U.

Prevalence of a Cefazolin Inoculum Effect Associated with Gene Types among Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Four Major Medical Centers in Chicago.

The efficacy of cefazolin with high-inoculum methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) infections remains in question due to therapeutic failure inferred as being due to an inoculum effect (InE). This study investigated the local prevalence of a cefazolin InE (CInE) and its association with staphylococcal gene types among MSSA isolates in the Chicago area. Four medical centers in Chicago, IL, contributed MSSA isolates.

Efficacy of Intravenous Acetaminophen for Postoperative Analgesia in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: The use of intravenous acetaminophen has seen recent enthusiasm as one component of a multimodal approach to pain management. However, there is a lack of literature examining the efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen for pain control in total joint arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen following primary total knee arthroplasty.

Low expression of hexokinase-2 is associated with false-negative FDG-positron emission tomography in multiple myeloma.

F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with background signal suppression (DWIBS) are 2 powerful functional imaging modalities in the evaluation of malignant plasma cell (PC) disease multiple myeloma (MM). Preliminary observations have suggested that MM patients with extensive disease according to DWIBS may be reported as being disease-free on FDG-PET ("PET false-negative"). The aim of this study was to describe the proportion of PET false-negativity in a representative set of 227 newly diagnosed MM patients with simultaneous assessment of FDG-PET and DWIBS, and to identify tumor-intrinsic features associated with this pattern.

The varied distribution and impact of RAS codon and other key DNA alterations across the translocation cyclin D subgroups in multiple myeloma.

We examined a set of 805 cases that underwent DNA sequencing using the FoundationOne Heme (F1H) targeted sequencing panel and gene expression profiling. Known and likely variant calls from the mutational data were analyzed for significant associations with gene expression defined translocation cyclin D (TC) molecular subgroups. The spectrum of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF codon mutations varied across subgroups with NRAS mutations at Q61 codon being common in hyperdiploid (HRD) and t(11;14) myeloma while being rare in MMSET and MAF.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma patients with light chain deposition disease.

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is characterized by monotypic immunoglobulin depositions which will eventually lead to loss of organ function if left untreated. While the kidney is almost always affected, the presence and degree of LCDD in other organs vary. Ten to thirty percent of LCDD patients have underlying Multiple Myeloma (MM), yet outcome and prognostic markers in this particular patient group are still lacking.

Extensive Remineralization of Large Pelvic Lytic Lesions Following Total Therapy Treatment in Patients With Multiple Myeloma.

Osteolytic bone lesions are a hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease. Bone destruction is associated with severely imbalanced bone remodeling, secondary to increased osteoclastogenesis and significant osteoblast suppression. Lytic lesions of the pelvis are relatively common in MM patients and are known to contribute to the increased morbidity because of the high risk of fracture, which frequently demands extensive surgical intervention.

MAF protein mediates innate resistance to proteasome inhibition therapy in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) patients with the t(14;16) translocation have a poor prognosis, and unlike other molecular subgroups, their outcome has not improved with the introduction of bortezomib (Bzb). The mechanism underlying innate resistance of MM to Bzb is unknown. In the present study, we have investigated how MAF overexpression impacts resistance to proteasome inhibitor (PI) therapy (Bzb and carfilzomib).

Variations in Inpatient Rehabilitation Functional Outcomes Across Centers in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study and the Influence of Demographics and Injury Severity on Patient Outcomes.

Objective: To compare patient functional outcomes across Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) rehabilitation centers using an enhanced statistical model and to determine factors that influence those outcomes.

Design: Multicenter observational cohort study.

Setting: TBIMS centers.

Assessment of Total Lesion Glycolysis by F FDG PET/CT Significantly Improves Prognostic Value of GEP and ISS in Myeloma.

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with CT attenuation correction (F-FDG PET/CT) is useful in the detection and enumeration of focal lesions and in semiquantitative characterization of metabolic activity (glycolytic phenotype) by calculation of glucose uptake. Total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) have the potential to improve the value of this approach and enhance the prognostic value of disease burden measures. This study aims to determine whether TLG and MTV are associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and whether they improve risk assessments such as International Staging System (ISS) stage and GEP70 risk.

The impact of preexisting illness and substance use on functional and neuropsychological outcomes following traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health problem in the US. Specific preexisting medical illnesses delay recovery after TBI and increase mortality or risk of repeat TBI. This study examined the impact of preexisting illness and substance use on patient rehabilitation outcomes following TBI.

Removing batch effects from purified plasma cell gene expression microarrays with modified ComBat.

Background: Gene expression profiling (GEP) via microarray analysis is a widely used tool for assessing risk and other patient diagnostics in clinical settings. However, non-biological factors such as systematic changes in sample preparation, differences in scanners, and other potential batch effects are often unavoidable in long-term studies and meta-analysis. In order to reduce the impact of batch effects on microarray data, Johnson, Rabinovic, and Li developed ComBat for use when combining batches of gene expression microarray data.