Quaternary and Tertiary Carbon Centers Synthesized via Gallium-Catalyzed Direct Substitution of Unfunctionalized Propargylic Alcohols with Boronic Acids.

(IPr)GaCl/AgSbF, AgSbF, and GaCl catalyzed substitution of the hydroxyl of secondary and tertiary propargylic alcohols with organoboronic acids via C-C bond formation, and GaCl effectively synthesized all-carbon quaternary propargylic centers. These catalysts performed the substitution at carbons bearing alkyl substituents, which has been problematic for other systems. Highly hindered carbon stereocenters were thus produced, including quaternary centers bearing doubly ortho-substituted aryl rings, that are difficult to access with traditional methods.

Rate Dependence on Inductive and Resonance Effects for the Organocatalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Alkenyl and Alkynyl Boronic Acids to β-Indolyl Enones and β-Pyrrolyl Enones.

Two key factors bear on reaction rates for the conjugate addition of alkenyl boronic acids to heteroaryl-appended enones: the proximity of inductively electron-withdrawing heteroatoms to the site of bond formation and the resonance contribution of available heteroatom lone pairs to stabilize the developing positive charge at the enone β-position. For the former, the closer the heteroatom is to the enone β-carbon, the faster the reaction. For the latter, greater resonance stabilization of the benzylic cationic charge accelerates the reaction.

A Multi-faceted Approach to Improving Breast Cancer Outcomes in a Rural Population, and the Potential Impact of Patient Navigation.

Unlabelled: The mastectomy rate in rural areas of the Northern Plains of the U.S. was 64 percent from 2000 through 2005.

Evaluation of a Chemotherapy and Medication Education Process for Patients Starting Cancer Treatment.

A cancer diagnosis, along with accompanying chemotherapy treatments and new medication regimens, can significantly affect patients' overall health, well-being, and quality of life. Chemotherapy and medication teaching that meets patients' learning needs enhances knowledge and supports adherence to instructions. These interventions promote optimal patient outcomes, satisfaction, and overall safety.

Prevalence of ATM Sequence Variants in Northern Plains American Indian Cancer Patients.

Purpose: To identify sequence variants of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene and establish their prevalence rate among American Indian (AI) as compared with non-AI cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: DNA was isolated from blood samples collected from 100 AI and 100 non-AI cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, and a blinded assessment of the ATM sequence was conducted. Quantitative PCR assessment of copy number for each exon was also performed.

Where you look can influence haptic object recognition.

We investigated whether the relative position of objects and the body would influence haptic recognition. People felt objects on the right or left side of their body midline, using their right hand. Their head was turned towards or away from the object, and they could not see their hands or the object.

Patient navigation for American Indians undergoing cancer treatment: utilization and impact on care delivery in a regional healthcare center.

Background: A study was undertaken to assess patient navigation utilization and its impact on treatment interruptions and clinical trial enrollment among American Indian cancer patients.

Methods: Between February 2004 and September 2009, 332 American Indian cancer patients received patient navigation services throughout cancer treatment. The patient navigation program provided culturally competent navigators to assist patients with navigating cancer therapy, obtaining medications, insurance issues, communicating with medical providers, and travel and lodging logistics.