Assessing Military Mental Health during the Pandemic: A Five Country Collaboration.

Purpose Of Review: Members of a technical panel representing Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, and the US collaborated to develop surveys designed to provide military leaders with information to guide decisions early in the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of this collaboration and a review of findings from the resulting body of work.

Recent Findings: While surveys pointed to relatively favorable mental health and perceptions of leadership among military personnel early in the pandemic, these observations did not reflect the experiences of personnel deployed in COVID-19 response operations, nor were these observations reflective of later stages of the pandemic.

COVID-19 Concerns, Information Needs, and Adverse Mental Health Outcomes among U.S. Soldiers.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted U.S. Military operations and potentially compounded the risk for adverse mental health outcomes by layering unique occupational stress on top of general restrictions, fears, and concerns.

COVID-19 Vaccination Attitudes and Intentions Among U.S. Soldiers: Results from the U.S. Army Behavioral Health Advisory Team (BHAT).

Introduction: The objective of this study is to characterize the associations between demographic, attitudinal, and leadership factors with COVID-19 vaccination rates, vaccination intentions among those not vaccinated, and attitudes about vaccination safety, effectiveness, and importance.

Methods: A serial cross-sectional anonymous online survey was administered to soldiers at two large U.S.

US soldiers and the role of leadership: COVID-19, mental health, and adherence to public health guidelines.

Background: Previous studies have documented the impact of domain-specific leadership behaviors on targeted health outcomes in employees. The goal of the present study was to determine the association between specific leadership behaviors addressing COVID-19 and US soldiers' mental health and adherence to COVID-19 public health guidelines.

Methods: An electronic, anonymous survey was administered to US Army soldiers across three major commands (N = 7,829) from December 2020 to January 2021.

A multicenter retrospective comparison of trauma in toy breeds versus giant breeds: A Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry study.

Objective: To retrospectively evaluate and stratify the differences in signalment, mechanisms, and severity of injury between toy and giant breed dogs.

Design: Retrospective, observational cohort study.

Setting: Multicenter, university veterinary teaching hospital, and private referral hospitals contributing to Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) patient registry.

Associations between immune competence phenotype and feedlot health and productivity in Angus cattle.

Genetic strategies aimed at improving general immune competence (IC) have the potential to reduce the incidence and severity of disease in beef production systems, with resulting benefits of improved animal health and welfare and reduced reliance on antibiotics to prevent and treat disease. Implementation of such strategies first requires that methodologies be developed to phenotype animals for IC and demonstration that these phenotypes are associated with health outcomes. We have developed a methodology to identify IC phenotypes in beef steers during the yard weaning period, which is both practical to apply on-farm and does not restrict the future sale of tested animals.

Successful xenotransfusion in a domestic ferret with spontaneous hemoperitoneum using feline packed red blood cells.

Objective: To describe the diagnosis, management, and outcome of a ferret with spontaneous hemoperitoneum with surgical intervention and xenotransfusion of type A feline packed red blood cells (pRBCs).

Case Summary: A domestic ferret diagnosed with a spontaneous hemoperitoneum secondary to a hepatic mass received isotonic crystalloids, hypertonic saline, and an allogenic blood transfusion perioperatively. Postoperatively, the ferret developed progressive anemia and tachycardia refractory to fluid therapy and, given a lack of additional allogenic blood sources, received a xenotransfusion of feline pRBCs.

Immune competence traits assessed during the stress of weaning are heritable and favorably genetically correlated with temperament traits in Angus cattle1.

Selection for production traits with little or no emphasis on health-related traits has the potential to increase susceptibility to disease in food-producing animals. A possible genetic strategy to mitigate such effects is to include both production and health traits in the breeding objective when selecting animals. For this to occur, reliable methodologies are required to assess beneficial health traits, such as the immune capacity of animals.

Quantification of differences in resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep using a multivariate blood parameter.

Breeding for resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep relies largely on the use of worm egg counts (WEC) to identify animals that are able to resist infection. As an alternative to such measures of parasite load we aimed to develop a method to identify animals showing resistance to GIN infection based on the impact of the infection on blood parameters. We hypothesized that blood parameters may provide a measure of infection level with a blood-feeding parasite through perturbation of red blood cell parameters due to feeding behaviour of the parasite, and white blood cell parameters through the mounting of an immune response in the host animal.

Carbon monoxide releasing molecule enhances coagulation and decreases fibrinolysis in canine plasma exposed to Crotalus viridis venom in vitro and in vivo.

Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2), an emerging therapeutic in human medicine, enhances plasmatic coagulation and attenuates fibrinolysis in vitro in human, rabbit and horse plasma and ameliorates hypocoagulation and hyperfibrinolysis secondary to venom exposure in human plasma in vitro. Fibrinogenases in rattlesnake venom cause decreased clot strength, and in the presence of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in vitro, a markedly increased rate of clot lysis. CO interacts with a haem group on fibrinogen, changing its configuration so that the fibrin clot is strengthened and more resistant to fibrinolysis.

Blueprint for Advancing High-Value Maternity Care Through Physiologic Childbearing.

The charts an efficient pathway to a maternity care system that reliably enables all women and newborns to experience healthy physiologic processes around the time of birth, to the extent possible given their health needs and informed preferences. The authors are members of a multistakeholder, multidisciplinary National Advisory Council that collaborated to develop this document. This approach preventively addresses troubling trends in maternal and newborn outcomes and persistent racial and other disparities by mobilizing innate capacities for healthy childbearing processes and limiting use of consequential interventions.

Implementing a Systematic Approach to Reduce Cesarean Birth Rates in Nulliparous Women.

Objective: To implement a systematic approach to safely reduce nulliparous cesarean birth rates.

Methods: This is a quality improvement project at two rural community hospitals and one urban community hospital in North Carolina. These facilities implemented a systematic approach to reduce nulliparous cesarean birth rates, aligning with recommendations developed by the Council on Patient Safety in Women's Health Care: Patient Safety Bundle on the Safe Reduction of Primary Cesarean Births.

Estimating the genetic merit of sires by using pooled DNA from progeny of undetermined pedigree.

Background: DNA-based predictions for hard-to-measure production traits hold great promise for selective breeding programs. DNA pooling might provide a cheap genomic approach to use phenotype data from commercial flocks which are commonly group-mated with parentage unknown. This study on sheep explores if genomic breeding values for stud sires can be estimated from genomic relationships that were obtained from pooled DNA in combination with phenotypes from commercial progeny.

Decreased mTOR signalling reduces mitochondrial ROS in brain via accumulation of the telomerase protein TERT within mitochondria.

Telomerase in its canonical function maintains telomeres in dividing cells. In addition, the telomerase protein TERT has non-telomeric functions such as shuttling to mitochondria resulting in a decreased oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis. TERT protein persists in adult neurons and can co-localise to mitochondria under various stress conditions.

Carboxylesterase converts Amplex red to resorufin: Implications for mitochondrial H2O2 release assays.

Amplex Red is a fluorescent probe that is widely used to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a reaction where it is oxidised to resorufin by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a catalyst. This assay is highly rated amongst other similar probes thanks to its superior sensitivity and stability. However, we report here that Amplex Red is readily converted to resorufin by a carboxylesterase without requiring H2O2, horseradish peroxidase or oxygen: this reaction is seen in various tissue samples such as liver and kidney as well as in cultured cells, causing a serious distortion of H2O2 measurements.

Palatability assessment of an oral recuperation fluid in healthy dogs during the perioperative period.

The objective of this study was to determine whether healthy dogs undergoing elective surgery will accept and prefer an oral recuperation fluid (ORF) to water during the perioperative time period and if the consumption of an ORF would lead to increased caloric intake during the final preoperative and first postoperative periods. This prospective, observational study was performed in the setting of a University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. A total of 67 healthy dogs were presented for routine ovariectomy (n = 30) or castration (n = 37).

Mortality surveillance in the U.S. Army, 2005-2011.

Purpose: Mortality rates in the U.S. Army from 2005 to 2011 were examined over time and compared to the U.

The Development of Forensic Pathology in London, England: Keith Simpson and the Dobkin Case, 1942.

During the Second World War in London, the bombing raids targeting civilians led to a greater public reliance on forensic pathologists. Hospitals used their skills to identify the victims of raids and determine their cause of death, though many bomb victims were never identified. The public reputation of forensic pathology was enhanced by Dr.

Use of serial laminar tissue collection via biopsy in conscious healthy horses.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of performing serial laminar and skin biopsies on sedated horses and whether sampling affected adjacent tissues.

Animals: 6 horses.

Procedures: Laminar tissues were harvested via biopsy through the hoof wall from healthy conscious horses via sedation and regional anesthesia.

Interacting with sexist men triggers social identity threat among female engineers.

Social identity threat is the notion that one of a person's many social identities may be at risk of being devalued in a particular context (C. M. Steele, S.

Clinical inquiries. What test is the best for diagnosing infectious mononucleosis?

Tests for antibodies to Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen or Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen are the most sensitive, are highly specific, and are also the most expensive for diagnosing infectious mononucleosis (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, based on validating cohort study). Heterophile antibody tests have similar specificity and are cheaper, but are less sensitive in children or in adults during the early days of the illness (SOR: C, based on validating cohort study). The polymerase chain reaction assay for Epstein-Barr virus DNA is more sensitive than the heterophile antibody test in children, is highly specific, but is also expensive (SOR: C, based on validating cohort study).