Overcoming doubt: developing CDoH Essentials, a practical tool to introduce the commercial determinants of health.

Despite growing awareness of the importance of commercial determinants of health (CDoH), there has been limited development or evaluation of educational and practice-focused support for public health professionals. This article reports findings from an action-research approach bringing together people with academic and practice expertise (n = 16) to co-create workshop materials (called 'CDoH Essentials'), test and improve them through five trial workshops and explore their effects. Five English local public health teams co-facilitated the workshops in their organizations, with participants from public health teams and their internal partners (n = 94).

Elevating leadership learning: Critical considerations for training, design, and implementation.

This article focuses on the research and scholarship of leadership training. We begin by defining and giving context to the concept of leadership training. Then, we provide a high-level literature review of the history and components of leadership training (e.

Short communication: Five ways UK European Capitals and cities of culture have connected cultural activities with nature and their impacts on health and wellbeing, wider determinants of health and inequality.

Objective: To rapidly synthesise evidence for local practice on what initiatives UK European Capitals and Cities of Culture (UKEUCoCs) have implemented connecting cultural activities with green, blue, or outdoor space (culture-nature initiatives) and their impacts on planetary health outcomes: personal health and wellbeing, wider determinants of health particularly the environment, and existing inequality.

Study Design: Rapid evidence review.

Methods: A rapid review of published articles and evaluation reports.

Exploring the motivations of female community health volunteers in primary healthcare provision in rural Nepal: A qualitative study.

Motivating Community Health Workers (CHWs)-many of whom are volunteers-is crucial for achieving Universal Healthcare Coverage (UHC) for Primary Healthcare (PHC) in resource-poor areas. In rural Nepal, PHC is mostly delivered by female CHWs, locally known as Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs), but little is known about them. This paper explores experiential factors influencing FCHVs' motivations, including how motivation intersects with women's livelihoods and consider what this means for achieving PHC in Nepal and globally.

How can asset-based approaches reduce inequalities? Exploring processes of change in England and Spain.

Initiatives to promote health and reduce inequalities in place-based communities have increasingly adopted asset-based approaches (ABAs). However, the processes through which such initiatives might reduce inequalities are not well understood, and evidence of their impact on health is still limited. This study aimed to understand how ABAs can impact practices, relationships and the redistribution of resources to reduce health inequalities in and between less advantaged neighbourhoods.

Trajectories of Child Cognitive and Socioemotional Development and Associations with Adolescent Health in the UK Millennium Cohort Study.

Objective: To identify and describe distinct trajectories of cognitive and socioemotional development during childhood and to examine their relationships with adolescent health.

Study Design: We used group-based multitrajectory modeling applied to longitudinal data on 11 564 children up to age 14 years from the UK Millennium Cohort study to identify trajectories of cognitive and socioemotional development measured using validated instruments. We assessed associations between the derived trajectories and baseline socioeconomic, parental, and school factors using multinomial regression.

Scaling up the "24/7 BHU" strategy to provide round-the-clock maternity care in Punjab, Pakistan: a theory-driven, coproduced implementation study.

Background: Pakistan's maternal mortality rate remains persistently high at 186/100,000 live births. The country's government-run first-level healthcare facilities, the basic health units (BHUs), are an important source of maternity care for rural women. However,BHUsonly operate on working days from 8:00 am to 2:00 pm.

Accurate species identification of food-contaminating beetles with quality-improved elytral images and deep learning.

Food samples are routinely screened for food-contaminating beetles (i.e., pantry beetles) due to their adverse impact on the economy, environment, public health and safety.

Comparison of the Impact of Conventional and Web-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Physical Activity in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Exploratory Feasibility Study.

Background: Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) increases exercise capacity, with less clear evidence regarding physical activity (PA). The World Health Organization recommends at least 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic PA per week to reduce the risks of chronic disease.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of conventional PR versus web-based PR with respect to changes in PA.

Relationships between Child Development at School Entry and Adolescent Health-A Participatory Systematic Review.

The relationship between child development and adolescent health, and how this may be modified by socio-economic conditions, is poorly understood. This limits cross-sector interventions to address adolescent health inequality. This review summarises evidence on the associations between child development at school starting age and subsequent health in adolescence and identifies factors affecting associations.

Can leadership assessments do harm? Considerations for the ethical use of assessments in leadership development.

This article explores the ethical use of assessments in leadership training, education, and development. From the importance of having well-trained facilitators to the consideration of power and social identity in the interpretation of individual results, this article advocates for approaching the use of leadership assessments and inventories with a critical ethic of care. This practical focus on ethics serves as a compliment to the other articles in this text by helping leadership educators and leadership professionals apply this critical lens to every facilitation.

Impact of child development at primary school entry on adolescent health-protocol for a participatory systematic review.

Background: Reducing child health inequalities is a global health priority and evidence suggests that optimal development of knowledge, skills and attributes in early childhood could reduce health risks across the life course. Despite a strong policy rhetoric on giving children the 'best start in life', socioeconomic inequalities in children's development when they start school persist. So too do inequalities in child and adolescent health.

The African urban food environment framework for creating healthy nutrition policy and interventions in urban Africa.

This study developed, validated, and evaluated a framework of factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban African food environments, to inform research prioritisation and intervention development in Africa. A multi-component methodology, drawing on concept mapping, was employed to construct a framework of factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban Africa. The framework adapted a widely used socio-ecological model (developed in a high-income country context) and was developed using a mixed-methods research approach that comprised: i.

Optimized imaging methods for species-level identification of food-contaminating beetles.

Identifying the exact species of pantry beetle responsible for food contamination, is imperative in assessing the risks associated with contamination scenarios. Each beetle species is known to have unique patterns on their hardened forewings (known as elytra) through which they can be identified. Currently, this is done through manual microanalysis of the insect or their fragments in contaminated food samples.

Policy Action Within Urban African Food Systems to Promote Healthy Food Consumption: A Realist Synthesis in Ghana and Kenya.

Background: Obesity and nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NR-NCDs) are increasing throughout Africa, driven by urbanisation and changing food environments. Policy action has been limited - and influenced by high income countries. Socio-economic/political environments of African food systems must be considered in order to understand what policy might work to prevent NR-NCDs, for whom, and under what circumstances.

Power, control, communities and health inequalities. Part II: measuring shifts in power.

In the health field, there is great interest in the role empowerment might play in reducing social inequalities in health. Empowerment is understood here as the processes of developing capabilities that individuals and/or communities need to exercise control over decisions and actions impacting on their lives and health. There is a fundamental problem, however, in identifying and measuring capabilities for collective control that emerge at the level of the collective, with much of the existing literature focusing on individual measures even where community-level processes are concerned.

Power, control, communities and health inequalities III: participatory spaces-an English case.

This article-third in a series of three-uses theoretical frameworks described in Part 1, and empirical markers reported in Part 2, to present evidence on how power dynamics shifted during the early years of a major English community empowerment initiative. We demonstrate how the capabilities disadvantaged communities require to exercise collective control over decisions/actions impacting on their lives and health (conceptualized as emancipatory power) and the exercise of power over these communities (conceptualized as limiting power) were shaped by the characteristics of participatory spaces created by and/or associated with this initiative. Two main types of participatory spaces were identified: governance and sense-making.

Benchmarking food environment policies for the prevention of diet-related non-communicable diseases in Kenya: National expert panel's assessment and priority recommendations.

Introduction: Unhealthy food environments drive the increase of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Objective: We aimed to examine healthy food environment policies in Kenya and identify priorities for future action.

Methods: Using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) we collected evidence on the extent of government action to create healthy food environments across 13 policy and infrastructure support domains and 43 related good practice indicators between 2017 and 2018.

Implementation of healthy food environment policies to prevent nutrition-related non-communicable diseases in Ghana: National experts' assessment of government action.

Nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NR-NCDs) are a global health problem, increasingly recognised as driven by unhealthy food environments. Yet little is known about government action to implement food environment-relevant policies, particularly in low-and lower-middle income countries. This study assessed government action, implementation gaps, and priorities to improve the food environment in Ghana.

Higher Education and Student Affairs: Applying Expertise in Student Leadership Development and the Collegiate Context.

Higher education and student affairs are fields of study that focus on the institution and student experience in post-secondary education at the graduate level. Located in colleges of education, these departments often offer academic leadership minors often taught by student affairs leadership educators.

A Qualitative Exploration of Electronic Image Sharing Among Young People: Navigating the Issues of Conformity, Trust, Intention, and Reputation.

This research sought to explore the main factors affecting young people's image-sharing behaviors, particularly in the context of peer relationships and norms. Ten focus groups were held with young people aged 13 to 14 years (Grade 9) with a total of 68 participants (39 females and 29 males) across 15 Australian schools contributing to the discussions. Focus groups were divided into either all-girls ( = 4), all-boys ( = 4), or mixed gender ( = 2) participants to observe gender-specific issues.

A systematic scoping review of asset-based approaches to promote health in communities: development of a framework.

Asset-based approaches to health promotion have become increasingly popular as a way to tackle health inequalities by empowering people in more disadvantaged communities to use local resources and increase control over health and its determinants. However, questions remain about how they work in practice. This article presents the findings from a systematic scoping review of the empirical literature on asset-based approaches in communities.

Learning across the UK: a review of public health systems and policy approaches to early child development since political devolution.

Background: Giving children the best start in life is critical for their future health and wellbeing. Political devolution in the UK provides a natural experiment to explore how public health systems contribute to children's early developmental outcomes across four countries.

Method: A systematic literature review and input from a stakeholder group was used to develop a public health systems framework.

A Life or "Good Death" Situation? A Worldwide Ecological Study of the National Contexts of Countries That Have and Have Not Implemented Palliative Care.

Context: Palliative care advocates argue that service implementation is feasible in all settings. Yet, services have developed patchily in low- and middle-income settings. Beyond Human Development Index indicators, there has been limited engagement with the broader development challenges facing nations tasked with implementing palliative care.