A tutorial on principal stratification-based sensitivity analysis: application to smoking cessation studies.

Background: One problem with assessing effects of smoking cessation interventions on withdrawal symptoms is that symptoms are affected by whether participants abstain from smoking during trials. Those who enter a randomized trial but do not change smoking behavior might not experience withdrawal-related symptoms.

Purpose: We present a tutorial of how one can use a principal stratification sensitivity analysis to account for abstinence in the estimation of smoking cessation intervention effects.

The impact of email recruitment on our understanding of college smoking.

Email recruitment is growing in popularity; however, this convenience sampling method may yield very different results from prior convenience sampling methods. Participants in the current study were 825 undergraduate students, 446 recruited through a campus wide email and 379 recruited through Introductory Psychology courses, who completed an on-line survey on smoking and health. Outcomes varied significantly by group.

Using metadata to generate web-based Electronic Data Capture Forms.

Generation of web-based Electronic Data Capture Forms (EDCF) from XML-encoded metadata is an efficient and reliable way to support research data collection. Using metadata-driven development we improved efficiency, maximized reuse and consistency. We describe why we developed our EDCF generator in this manner, our design goals and highlight two representative studies that made use of this approach.

A randomized trial of a proactive cellular telephone intervention for smokers living with HIV/AIDS.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of an innovative smoking cessation intervention targeted to a multiethnic, economically disadvantaged HIV-positive population.

Design: A two-group randomized clinical trial compared a smoking cessation intervention delivered by cellular telephone with usual care approach.

Methods: Current smokers from a large, inner city HIV/AIDS care center were recruited and randomized to receive either usual care or a cellular telephone intervention.

Successes and failures of the teachable moment: smoking cessation in cancer patients.

Background: Successful cancer treatment can be significantly compromised by continued tobacco use. Because motivation and interest in smoking cessation increase after cancer diagnosis, a window of opportunity exists during which healthcare providers can intervene and assist in the quitting process.

Methods: The authors conducted a comprehensive literature review to discuss 1) the benefits of smoking cessation in cancer patients, 2) current knowledge regarding smoking cessation interventions targeted to cancer patients, and 3) treatment models and state-of the-art guidelines for intervention with cancer patients who smoke.

Smoking behavior in a low-income multiethnic HIV/AIDS population.

The aim of this study was to describe smoking prevalence and smoking behavior in a multiethnic low-income HIV/AIDS population. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The study site was Thomas Street Clinic, an HIV/AIDS care facility serving a medically indigent and ethnically diverse population.

Pretreatment task persistence predicts smoking cessation outcome.

R. Eisenberger's (1992) learned industriousness theory states that individuals display differing degrees of persistence depending on their history of reinforcement for effortful behavior. These differences may influence the development, maintenance, and cessation of addictive behaviors.