If cytology of Warthin tumor is accurate, can management be conservative?

We conducted a retrospective study to assess the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of Warthin tumor and to evaluate the subsequent risk of conservative nonsurgical management. We reviewed the records of 75 patients (76 tumors) with a parotid mass that had been diagnosed as a Warthin tumor by FNAC. This patient population was made up of 64 men and 11 women, aged 46 to 93 years (mean: 67).

Expression of Antioxidant Molecules and Heat Shock Protein 27 in Thyroid Tumors.

Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage is a known causing factor for many types of tumors, but information on the role of oxidants and antioxidants in thyroid tumors is limited. The aim of this study was to determine antioxidant levels in thyroid tumors. In this study, tumor and its matched non-tumor thyroid tissue samples were obtained from 53 patients with thyroid tumors.

Prevalence, Clinicopathological Characteristics, and Outcome of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer in Southern Chinese Patients.

Background: Although the global incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing, there is little information on southern Chinese population available.

Methods: We analyzed 207 patients which constituted 63.5% of all newly diagnosed OPSCC in Hong Kong during a 5-year period from 2005 to 2009.

The role of human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A case control study on a southern Chinese population.

HPV plays a role in the development of a portion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but only limited information on its role in southern Chinese population is available. A multicenter case-control study was conducted. HPV type, viral integration, E6/7 mRNA expression status, and TP53 mutation were determined.

Estrogen receptor α induces prosurvival autophagy in papillary thyroid cancer via stimulating reactive oxygen species and extracellular signal regulated kinases.

Context: The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) shows a predominance in females, with a male:female ratio of 1:3, and none of the known risk factors are associated with gender difference. Increasing evidence indicates a role of estrogen in thyroid tumorigenesis, but the mechanism involved remains largely unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the contribution of autophagy to estrogen receptor α (ERα)-mediated growth of PTC.

Inhibition of Foxp3 in cancer cells induces apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells.

Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in lymphocytes facilitate the thyroid tumor growth and invasion. Very limited information is available on Foxp3 expression in thyroid cancer cells and its function is totally unknown. This study demonstrated that Foxp3 expression was increased in thyroid cancer cells.

The cross-talk between estrogen receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in thyroid cancer.

Background: Estrogen receptor (ER) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) are associated with thyroid tumorigenesis and treatment. However, the interaction between them has not been studied.

Methods: The impact of ER over-expression or down-expression by DNA/small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, ERα agonists, and the ERβ agonist diarylpropiolnitrile (DPN) on PPARγ expression/activity was examined in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells.

Correlation of biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, including choline/creatine ratio (Cho/Cr) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with protein expression of 10 common tumor and prognostic markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: University hospital.

Reversal of pale-to-dark nasopharyngeal follicle ratio on narrow-band imaging.

Normal nasopharyngeal mucosa contains varying amounts of lymphoid tissue, which in adults may be minimal or absent. Nasopharyngeal mucosa with minimal lymphoid tissue has a regular follicular pattern on narrow-band imaging; pale follicles have thin, dark borders and the ratio of the pale follicle to the dark border (pale-to-dark ratio) is roughly 90%. In some patients undergoing routine nasopharyngeal endoscopy, the pale-to-dark ratio is reversed on narrow-band imaging, with dark centres surrounded by pale borders and a pale-to-dark ratio of roughly 50%.

HER2 expression predicts improved survival in patients with cervical node-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of HER2 and p63 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Study Design: A case review of 186 HNSCCs from the oral tongue, palate, maxillary sinus, floor of mouth, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx.

Subjects And Methods: All primary tumor specimens were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for HER2 and p63 expressions, which were correlated with clinical parameters including age, sex, grade, lymph node metastases, stage, and survival.

Analysis of bone marrow fatty acid composition using high-resolution proton NMR spectroscopy.

High-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy as a complementary method in the analysis of human bone marrow fatty acid (FA) composition was examined. Marrow FA composition in 10 bone samples measured by NMR and gas chromatography (GC) were compared. NMR T1 relaxation time of FA was determined and reproducibility tests were performed to assess the variability.

Strong immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor predicts overall survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has high morbidity and mortality, and its relationship with tumor angiogenesis as measured by microvessel density (MVD) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression has shown mixed results, with some, but not others, reporting correlation with outcome.

Methods: A retrospective study of 186 patients with HNSCC was performed. Patients were evaluated for MVD and VEGF and to correlate the levels with clinical parameters, including age at diagnosis, sex, site of tumor, stage, survival (disease free and overall), pathological tumor grade, and the presence of lymph node metastases.

EBV viral load in tumor tissue is an important prognostic indicator for nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma.

We retrospectively studied 19 cases of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma for various potential prognostic factors and performed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral load in tumor tissue. Patients with a low EBV viral load (<1 copy per cell) more frequently survived for more than 2 years compared with patients with a high EBV viral load (>/=1 copies/cell) (7/7 vs 3/9; P = .014; Fisher exact test).

Trophism of neural progenitor cells to embryonic stem cells: neural induction and transplantation in a mouse ischemic stroke model.

Embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived products have emerged as a promising cell source for neuroregeneration. C17.2 neural precursor cells were noted to express genes of neurotrophins and neuroprotective factors and to be enable to enhance proliferation, neuritogenesis, and differentiation of SH-SY5Y and SK-N-AS neuroblasts, suggesting their neurotrophic potential.

In vivo 1H MR spectroscopy of thyroid carcinoma.

To determine if proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of thyroid carcinoma is feasible and to determine if 1H MRS spectra of malignant tumors differ from that of normal thyroid tissue. We performed 1H MRS at 1.5 T at echo-times (TE) 136 and 272 ms to examine eight patients with thyroid cancer (primary tumour or nodal metastasis) larger than 1 cm3 in size and five volunteers with normal thyroids.

Comparison of CT and MR imaging for the detection of extranodal neoplastic spread in metastatic neck nodes.

Purpose: To compare computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the detection of extranodal neoplastic spread (ENS) in metastatic cervical nodes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: 17 patients with a squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck underwent CT and MR imaging. The neck nodes were assessed for ENS and the results compared using pathology from the surgical resection.

Quantitative analysis of cell-free Epstein-Barr virus DNA in plasma of patients with nonnasopharyngeal head and neck carcinomas.

Purpose: We investigated the detectability of EBV DNA in the plasma of patients with non-nasopharyngeal head and neck carcinomas (NNHNC). Previous studies have shown that EBV is present in the tumor tissue of some NNHNC.

Experimental Design: We recruited 101 patients with NNHNC and 48 healthy controls.

Nodal detection in malignant melanoma of the vagina using laparoscopic ultrasonography.

Background: Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina is a rare variant of melanoma. It has worse prognosis compared to nongenital melanomas or other vaginal malignant neoplasms.

Case: A 40-year-old Chinese was diagnosed vaginal melanoma.

Nasopharyngeal granulomatous inflammation and tuberculosis complicating undifferentiated carcinoma.

Objective: Four cases of nasopharyngeal granulomatous inflammation after radiotherapy for undifferentiated carcinoma were analyzed for tuberculosis, and the histologic features were compared.

Study Design And Setting: We conducted a retrospective study with analysis of tuberculosis by Ziehl Neelsen staining and polymerase chain reaction analysis for Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA on histologic materials.

Results: Three patients had previous nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma, one had previous metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma to cervical lymph nodes, and all patients received similar radiotherapy regimen.

Clonal analysis of bilateral mammary carcinomas by clinical evaluation and partial allelotyping.

Bilateral breast carcinomas may represent contralateral metastases or new primary tumors. The presence of carcinoma in situ, a lower grade, or a different histotype in the second tumor is considered a clinical criterion for a second primary tumor. In this study, 26 bilateral breast carcinomas from 13 patients were analyzed based on clinical criteria, and the results were compared with those obtained by partial allelotyping using 47 markers at 7 chromosomal arms.

Cytologic features of NK/T-cell lymphoma.

Objective: To describe the diagnostic cytologic features of NK/T-cell lymphoma.

Study Design: The cytologic features of 3 cases of natural killer cell (NK)/T-cell lymphoma were studied and correlated with histology. Immunohistochemistry for CD56, T-cell intracellular antigen (TIA-1) and EBV-encoded small nuclear RNAs (EBER) in situ hybridization was reviewed.

Tuberculosis of the nasopharynx: a rare entity revisited.

Objectives: Tuberculosis of the nasopharynx is uncommon. A large series of 17 cases is reported, and the clinical and pathological features are discussed.

Study Design: A retrospective review.