Significant lifespan difference between primary open-angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

Purpose: Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is a collective term for various subgroups of glaucoma of which primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG) are the most common. There is increasing evidence that both conditions have systemic ramifications. We wanted to examine to what extent lifespan and cause of death are influenced by POAG, pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES), and PEG.

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome in a 27-year-old patient: a case report.

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is more frequent in people aged >50 yeears, and its prevalence increases with age. Few reports have described cases in younger patients, all with a history of ocular surgery, especially iris resection. Herein, we describe the case of a 27-year old man with bilateral advanced glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation material in OS.

Searching for a UV-filter in the eyes of high-flying birds.

The eye lens is a unique organ as no cells can be replaced throughout life. This makes it decisive that the lens is protected against damaging UV-radiation. An ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing compound of unknown identity is present in the aqueous humor of geese (wild and domestic) and other birds flying at high altitudes.

The prevalence and incidence of glaucoma in Norway 2004-2018: A nationwide population-based study.

Purpose: To describe prevalence, life-time prevalence and incidence of glaucoma in Norway over a 15-year period.

Materials And Methods: Data from The Norwegian Prescription Database was used to identify all prescriptions for glaucoma medication during the period 2004 to 2018. Population figures and lifespan data were obtained from The National Bureau of Statistics.

Lifespan reduction due to neoplasia is nullified by pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

Background: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) is a common eye condition, indicating a risk of various eye diseases. Whether or not PES has extra-ocular physiological or even pathophysiological implications has been a matter of controversy for years.

Methods: In total 1888 persons were examined for PES in 1985-86.

Levels of oxidative DNA damage are low in ex vivo engineered human limbal epithelial tissue.

Purpose: To examine levels of oxidative DNA base damage and expression of selected genes and proteins related to DNA damage repair in human limbal epithelium engineered ex vivo.

Methods: Cells were expanded from limbal tissue on cell culture-treated inserts in medium containing fetal bovine serum, recombinant growth factors, hormones and cholera toxin (COM) and in medium with human serum as the single growth-promoting additive (HS). Cells were analysed after two, three and four weeks in culture for DNA strand breaks and oxidized purine bases (Comet assay using the enzyme formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase, Fpg) and for expression of DNA repair enzymes APE1, OGG1 and Polβ by in situ hybridization (ISH) and by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Epidemiology of Exfoliation Syndrome.

Background: From a historical standpoint the epidemiology of exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is one of the most controversial subjects in ophthalmic literature. Current literature abounds with studies on the prevalence of XFS in various ethnic populations and clearly XFS is a common condition, but its true prevalence is difficult to ascertain. Overall, XFS is considered to be the most common identifiable cause of glaucoma worldwide.

The impact of high-dose acetylcholine on bovine corneal epithelium.

Purpose: Ion channels are formed when acetylcholine (ACh) combines with specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. We are testing whether this occurs in vitro in corneal epithelial cells when exposed to ACh, using intracellular ascorbic acid (AA) as a tracer.

Methods: The corneal epithelium was separated from Bowman's membrane as an intact sheet with thermolysin (TL).

Ocular pseudoexfoliation syndrome and life span.

Background: To compare life span of persons with and without ocular pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES).

Methods: The study is based on an epidemiological survey conducted in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway, in 1985-86. All inhabitants over 64 years of age (2109 individuals) were invited.

Correlation between corneal and ambient temperature with particular focus on polar conditions.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between human corneal and environmental temperature.

Methods: An infrared camera was used to measure the corneal surface temperature in a group of healthy volunteers as well as in an experimental setting with donor corneas and an artificial anterior chamber, employing circulating saline at +37°C. Liquid nitrogen was used to obtain a very low temperature in the experimental setting.

Cataract and glaucoma surgery in pseudoexfoliation syndrome: a review.

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a risk factor in cataract surgery because of the increased weakness of zonular apparatus and reduced pupillary dilatation. The surgical outcome of using phacoemulsification in the central zone, inducing minimal stress on the zonules, inserting a capsular tension ring in selected cases, and stretching the pupil mechanically in eyes with miotic pupils, may turn out to be uneventful in most cases. Postoperative fibrosis with subsequent shrinkage of the capsule is increased in these eyes, and these centripetal forces will further loosen the zonular fibres.

Acetylcholine in the corneal epithelium of diurnal and nocturnal mammals.

Purpose: To analyze the concentration of acetylcholine (ACh) in the corneal epithelium and aqueous humor of various diurnal and nocturnal mammals.

Methods: The following species were examined: roe deer, cattle, horse, human, moose, sheep, reindeer, wild boar, polecat, lynx, cat, and rat. ACh was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Osmotic cataract causes reduced vision in wild Atlantic salmon postsmolts.

Osmotic cataracts were diagnosed in all of 191 Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. postsmolts caught during 8 trawl hauls on the western side of the Vøringsplateau, Norwegian Sea, in June 2001. The changes varied from a hazy opacity in the anterior part of the lens to cataracts affecting the whole lens.

UV-Absorbing compounds in the aqueous humor from aquatic mammals and various non-mammalian vertebrates.

Objective: To evaluate the absorbance of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the aqueous humor of various animal species in relation to the ambient radiation of their respective habitats, and to identify substances responsible for this absorbance. Representatives of all five classes (fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal) have been tested.

Methods: Absorbance was recorded using a spectrophotometer.

Ascorbate prophylaxis for corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy.

Purpose: To evaluate whether prophylactic systemic ascorbic acid influences the average level of haze and the incidence of late onset corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods: Two consecutive groups of eyes treated with PRK for myopia with or without astigmatism were retrospectively compared. The patients had been treated similarly, with the exception that systemic ascorbate had been supplied orally in one of the groups.

Impact of the environment on the mammalian corneal epithelium.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the content of ascorbic acid in the corneal epithelium and aqueous humor reflects seasonal fluctuations in parallel with environmental changes.

Methods: Reindeer, cattle, rabbits, and humans were examined, to cover a broad spectrum of overlapping habitats. Ascorbic acid was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Comparison of free amino acids in aqueous humor of farmed and wild salmon and of six species additionally.

Objective: A comparative study was performed in order to identify aqueous humor amino acids possibly involved in cataract formation in farmed Atlantic salmon.

Methods: Aqueous humor amino acids from farmed salmons with and without cataract were compared with levels in wild salmon and other animals of different evolutionary levels such as frog, crocodile, turkey, goose, minke whale, and cattle. Serum samples from wild and farmed salmon and minke whale were also analyzed.

Ascorbic acid concentration is reduced in the aqueous humor of patients with exfoliation syndrome.

Purpose: To investigate whether there is a role for ascorbic acid in the development of exfoliation syndrome (XFS).

Design: A case-control study was undertaken that included consecutive patients with and without XFS in whom cataract surgery was indicated. Patients with ophthalmic conditions other than XFS and conditions that may influence ascorbic acid levels were excluded.