Radiographical Spectrum of High-altitude Pulmonary Edema: A Pictorial Essay.

Background: High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a common cause of hospitalization in high altitude areas with significant morbidity. The clinical presentation of HAPE can overlap with a broad spectrum of cardiopulmonary diseases. Also, it is associated with varied radiological manifestations mimicking other conditions and often leading to unnecessary and inappropriate treatment.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis in a child: A missed diagnosis.

Paediatric joint pain and swelling is a frequent presentation. The clinical profile and relevant laboratory investigations often lead to the correct diagnosis; however some patients present a diagnostic conundrum. Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare entity that may afflict children and be easily missed.

High-altitude pulmonary oedema: Newer treatment modalities for an age-old problem.

Background & Objectives: High-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) continues to challenge the healthcare providers at remote, resource-constrained settings. High-altitude terrain itself precludes convenience of resources. This study was conducted to evaluate the rise in peripheral capillary saturation of oxygen (SpO) by the use of a partial rebreathing mask (PRM) in comparison to Hudson's mask among patients with HAPE.

Bedside Ultrasonography as an Alternative to Computed Tomography Scan for the Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter.

Background: Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) as measured by optic nerve sheath ultrasonography (ONSU) is used as a surrogate marker of intracranial pressure (ICP), especially in resource-limited settings. There is a growing interest in the use of ONSU in emergency and high-altitude setups. Notwithstanding multiple studies done on this subject, there is a paucity of data regarding standardization of techniques and comparison of ONSU with computed tomography (CT).

Comparison of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter between both eyes: A Bedside Ultrasonography Approach.

Context: Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has long been accepted as a reliable proxy of intracranial pressure especially in critical care and bedside settings. The present consensus is to measure ONSD in both eyes and take average value, which is cumbersome and a potential cause of discomfort to the patient.

Aim: We aim to compare the values of ONSD of the right and left eye in a random sample as measured by bedside ocular ultrasonography (USG) in Indian adults.

Managing High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema with Oxygen Alone: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Yanamandra, Uday, Velu Nair, Surinderpal Singh, Amul Gupta, Deepak Mulajkar, Sushma Yanamandra, Konchok Norgais, Ruchira Mukherjee, Vikrant Singh, Srinivasa A. Bhattachar, Sagarika Patyal, and Rajan Grewal. High-altitude pulmonary edema management: Is anything other than oxygen required? Results of a randomized controlled trial.

High-altitude cerebral oedema mimicking stroke.

High-altitude cerebral oedema (HACO) is the most fatal high-altitude illness seen by rural physicians practising in high-altitude areas. HACO presents clinically with cerebellar ataxia, features of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and coma. Early identification is important as delay in diagnosis can be fatal.