Changes in Prevalence of Childhood Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in India: A Secondary Analysis of GATS Survey (2009-2017).

Background: Children are susceptible to early life inequalities stemming from their limited control over their environment and their physical incapability to handle the health and developmental consequences of smoke exposure. Additionally, their lack of awareness regarding the detrimental effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure on their well-being emphasizes the crucial need to comprehend the extent of SHS exposure among the younger population.

Objective: The study aims to analyze the magnitude and factors influencing SHS exposure among children under 15 years, along with the shifts in SHS exposure in India and its states between 2009-10 and 2016-17.

Evaluating the Influence of Acute and Chronic Orofacial Pains on the Overall Comprehensive Quality of Life.

Background Orofacial discomfort refers to various disorders that affect the mouth, jaws, and face. These conditions may substantially influence a person's quality of life (QoL). This kind of pain may be categorised into two primary classifications: acute and chronic.

The crossroads of work and home: linkages between smoke-free policies at work and household environments.

Background: Tobacco use causes over eight million global deaths annually, with seven million directly attributed to tobacco use and 1.2 million to second hand smoke (SHS). Smoke-free environments are crucial to counter SHS.

Accurate classification of major brain cell types using in vivo imaging and neural network processing.

Comprehensive analysis of tissue cell type composition using microscopic techniques has primarily been confined to ex vivo approaches. Here, we introduce NuCLear (Nucleus-instructed tissue composition using deep learning), an approach combining in vivo two-photon imaging of histone 2B-eGFP-labeled cell nuclei with subsequent deep learning-based identification of cell types from structural features of the respective cell nuclei. Using NuCLear, we were able to classify almost all cells per imaging volume in the secondary motor cortex of the mouse brain (0.

Salinity Alleviation and Reduction in Oxidative Stress by Endophytic and Rhizospheric Microbes in Two Rice Cultivars.

Increased soil salinity poses serious limitations in crop yield and quality; thus, an attempt was made to explore microbial agents to mitigate the ill effects of salinity in rice. The hypothesis was mapping of microbial induction of stress tolerance in rice. Since the rhizosphere and endosphere are two different functional niches directly affected by salinity, it could be very crucial to evaluate them for salinity alleviation.

Salinity alleviator bacteria in rice ( L.), their colonization efficacy, and synergism with melatonin.

In this study, rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria were tested for the alleviation of salinity stress in rice. Endophytic isolates were taken from previous studies based on their salt stress-alleviating traits. The rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from rice and screened based on salt tolerance and plant growth-promoting traits.

ROS generated from biotic stress: Effects on plants and alleviation by endophytic microbes.

Aerobic living is thought to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are an inevitable chemical component. They are produced exclusively in cellular compartments in aerobic metabolism involving significant energy transfer and are regarded as by-products. ROS have a significant role in plant response to pathogenic stress, but the pattern varies between necrotrophs and biotrophs.

Comparison of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score with pH in Outcome Prediction among ICU Patients: A Prospective Observational Study.

Aim And Objective: To examine if sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) alone or SOFA in combination with pH is a better prognosis and mortality indicator.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in a total of sixty patients. The mortality of patients was predicted on the basis of a SOFA score alone or SOFA score in combination with pH, and the prediction by both was compared to the actual outcome.

Linking Soil Microbial Diversity to Modern Agriculture Practices: A Review.

Agriculture is a multifarious interface between plants and associated microorganisms. In contemporary agriculture, emphasis is being given to environmentally friendly approaches, particularly in developing countries, to enhance sustainability of the system with the least negative effects on produce quality and quantity. Modern agricultural practices such as extensive tillage, the use of harmful agrochemicals, mono-cropping, etc.

Deciphering Cadmium (Cd) Tolerance in Newly Isolated Bacterial Strain, BB12, and Its Role in Alleviation of Cd Stress in Spinach Plant ( L.).

A cadmium (Cd)-tolerant bacterium BB12 was isolated from sewage waste collected from the municipal sewage dumping site of Bhopal, India. The bacterium showed multiple heavy metal tolerance ability and had the highest minimum inhibitory concentration of 150 mg L of Cd. Growth kinetics, biosorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies on BB12 in the presence of Cd suggested biosorption as primary mode of interaction.

Surface sterilization for isolation of endophytes: Ensuring what (not) to grow.

Endophytic microbiota opens a magnificent arena of metabolites that served as a potential source of medicines for treating a variety of ailments and having prospective uses in agriculture, food, cosmetics, and many more. There are umpteen reports of endophytes improving the growth and tolerance of plants. In addition, endophytes from lifesaving drug-producing plants such as Taxus, Nothapodytes, Catharanthus, and so forth have the ability to produce host mimicking compounds.

Effects of parental stature on child stunting in India.

Adult heights in India are short. Child stunting remains high though the prevalence fell from 48% to 38% in the decade prior to 2016. This study assesses the links between parental height and child stunting using nationally representative data on 28,975 under-five-year-old children from the 2015-16 National Family Health Survey.

Importance of Routine Laboratory Investigations Before Elective Surgery.

Background And Aims:  Certain routine pre-operative laboratory investigations are performed in all patients before elective surgeries. We conducted this study to assess the value of routine pre-operative tests in the ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) Grade I and II adults undergoing elective surgery and their influence in the conduct of anaesthesia together with the costs incurred on unwarranted tests.

Methods: A total of 1271 patients posted for elective surgery under anaesthesia were recruited.

Stage-dependent concomitant microbial fortification improves soil nutrient status, plant growth, antioxidative defense system and gene expression in rice.

Stage-dependent concomitant fortification of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties PB1612 and CO51 with microbial inoculants Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens as seed coating, seedling root inoculation and soil application enhanced growth, activated antioxidant enzymes and modulated defence-related genes in plants. Microbial inoculants improved shoot height, tiller numbers, fresh weight and dry biomass.

A Simplified Protocol for Reversing Phenotypic Conversion of during Experimentation.

Background: has the problem of losing the virulence in laboratory conditions, during prolonged experimentation. Since pure colonies of contain cell fractions differing in virulence, it was considered worthwhile to find a way of selecting the cells with lower attenuation. Therefore, a methodology for inducing virulent-type colonies occurrence in was developed.

Lesson from Ecotoxicity: Revisiting the Microbial Lipopeptides for the Management of Emerging Diseases for Crop Protection.

Microorganisms area treasure in terms of theproduction of various bioactive compounds which are being explored in different arenas of applied sciences. In agriculture, microbes and their bioactive compounds are being utilized in growth promotion and health promotion withnutrient fortification and its acquisition. Exhaustive explorations are unraveling the vast diversity of microbialcompounds with their potential usage in solving multiferous problems incrop production.

Reserve design to optimize functional connectivity and animal density.

Ecological distance-based spatial capture-recapture models (SCR) are a promising approach for simultaneously estimating animal density and connectivity, both of which affect spatial population processes and ultimately species persistence. We explored how SCR models can be integrated into reserve-design frameworks that explicitly acknowledge both the spatial distribution of individuals and their space use resulting from landscape structure. We formulated the design of wildlife reserves as a budget-constrained optimization problem and conducted a simulation to explore 3 different SCR-informed optimization objectives that prioritized different conservation goals by maximizing the number of protected individuals, reserve connectivity, and density-weighted connectivity.

Dimensions of antenatal care service and the alacrity of mothers towards institutional delivery in South and South East Asia.

Background: A number of studies have assessed the effectiveness of antenatal care (ANC) on uptake of institutional delivery care. However, none address the issue of association between the different components of ANC i.e.

Variation in Tendinous Intersections of Rectus Abdominis Muscle in North Indian Population with Clinical Implications.

Aim Of The Study: Incisions through the abdominal wall are based on anatomical principles and Rectus abdominis muscle provides an excellent myocutaneous flap. The present work was proposed to identify variations in numbers and location of tendinous intersections of the Rectus Abdominis muscle in the cadavers as a guide to the surgical procedures.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted on 54 cadavers of North Indian origin allotted to undergraduate medical student for Anatomy dissection classes.

Efficacy of trans abdominis plane block for post cesarean delivery analgesia: A double-blind, randomized trial.

Background: The transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block, a regional block provides effective analgesia after lower abdominal surgeries if used as part of multimodal analgesia. In this prospective, randomized double-blind study, we determined the efficacy of TAP block in patients undergoing cesarean section.

Materials And Methods: Totally, 62 parturients undergoing cesarean section were randomized in a double-blind manner to receive either bilateral TAP block at the end of surgery with 20 ml of 0.

Human eye phantom for developing computer and robot-assisted epiretinal membrane peeling.

A number of technologies are being developed to facilitate key intraoperative actions in vitreoretinal microsurgery. There is a need for cost-effective, reusable benchtop eye phantoms to enable frequent evaluation of these developments. In this study, we describe an artificial eye phantom for developing intraocular imaging and force-sensing tools.

Comparison of clonidine and dexmedetomidine for short-term sedation of intensive care unit patients.

Background And Objectives: Patients on mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU) are often uncomfortable because of anxiety, pain, and endotracheal intubation; therefore, require sedation. Alpha-2 agonists are known to produce sedation. We compared clonidine and dexmedetomidine as sole agents for sedation.

Bilateral Absence of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS) Tendon of the Little Finger: Clinical Significance.

The flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS/sublimis) is a flexor of the digits of the hand and has been reported to have varying degrees of agenesis. During routine cadaveric dissection for undergraduates at SRMS-IMS Bareilly, India, we observed bilateral absence of the FDS tendon to little finger in the upper limbs of a 45-year-old male cadaver. The muscle was normally supplied by a branch of median nerve in the forearm.

Symmetrical peripheral gangrene with Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

Symmetric peripheral gangrene is rare and relatively uncommon complication of malaria. We report a case of a 50-year-old male who survived Plasmodium falciparum infection with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Symmetric peripheral gangrene in our case, which ultimately required amputation of the toes, was most likely due to interaction between parasitic factors and host factors.