Resin Cementation of Lithium Disilicate Ceramic: A Microtensile Bond Strength Evaluation.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the resin-ceramic adhesion of a long-carbon-chain silane (LCSI)-containing resin cement.

Methods: Polished lithium disilicate ceramic discs were etched with hydrofluoric acid and randomly assigned into four groups; (PSAP), cemented using a silane-free resin cement with no prior priming; (PSAP-S), primed using a silane-containing primer before cementation using a silane-free resin cement; (PSAU), cemented using a LCSI-containing resin cement with no prior priming; (PSAU-S), primed as for the group (PSAP-S) and cemented using a LCSI-containing resin cement. The cemented blocks were sectioned into microbeams.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Versus Photodynamic Therapy Against Enterococcus faecalis-Infected Root Canals.

Objective: The high incidence of endodontic failure is associated with the remnants of Enterococcus faecalis present within the intricate anatomies of the root canal system (RCS), often inaccessible by the current endodontic practices. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on E. faecalis biofilms in artificially infected root canals for the potential application in current endodontic practices.

Formulation of nano-graphene doped with nano silver modified dentin bonding agents with enhanced interfacial stability and antibiofilm properties.

Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize reduced nano graphene oxide (RGO) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) doped with silver nanoparticles (nAg) and to prepare an experimental dentin adhesive modified with RGO/nAg and GNP/nAg nanofillers for studying various biological and mechanical properties after bonding to tooth dentin.

Methods: Nanoparticles were characterized for their morphology and chemical structure using electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Experimental dentin adhesive was modified using two weight percentage (0.

Characterization of multiscale interactions between high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and tooth dentin: the effect on matrix-metalloproteinases, bacterial biofilms and biological properties.

The aim of this study was to characterize multiscale interactions between high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and dentin collagen and associated matrix-metalloproteinases, in addition to the analysis of the effect of HIFU on bacterial biofilms and biological properties. Dentin specimens were subjected to 5, 10 or 20 s HIFU. XPS spectra were acquired and TEM was performed on dentin slabs.

Development of 3D printed resin reinforced with modified ZrO nanoparticles for long-term provisional dental restorations.

Objective: To characterize and investigate efficacy of loading functionalized ZrO nanoparticles in 3-dimensional (3D) printed acrylate ester-based resin subjected to accelerated aging in artificial saliva. As well as to evaluate the effect of ZrO nanoparticle volume fraction addition on mechanical and physical properties of printed composite.

Methods: Functionalized ZrO nanoparticles were characterized using TEM and Raman spectroscopy.

Formulation of pH-sensitive chlorhexidine-loaded/mesoporous silica nanoparticles modified experimental dentin adhesive.

We formulated a pH-sensitive chlorhexidine-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) modified with poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (CHX-loaded/MSN-PLGA) and incorporated into experimental resin-based dentin adhesives at 5 and 10 wt%. Nanocarriers were characterized in terms of morphology, physicochemical features, spectral analyses, drug-release kinetics at varying pH and its effect on dentin-bound proteases was investigated. The modified dentin adhesives were characterized for cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, degree of conversion (DC) along with CHX release, micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) and nano-leakage expression were studied at different pH values and storage time.

Effect of Propolis Nanoparticles against Biofilm in the Root Canal.

To determine the antibacterial effect of propolis nanoparticles (PNs) as an endodontic irrigant against biofilm inside the endodontic root canal system. Two-hundred-ten extracted human teeth were sectioned to obtain 6 mm of the middle third of the root. The root canal was enlarged to an internal diameter of 0.

New antimicrobial and collagen crosslinking formulated dentin adhesive with improved bond durability.

Objective: Here we describe a novel formulation, based on quaternary ammonium (QA) and riboflavin (RF), which combines antimicrobial activities and protease inhibitory properties with collagen crosslinking without interference to bonding capabilities, was investigated.

Methods: Experimental adhesives modified with different fractions of dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide quaternary ammonium and riboflavin (QARF) were formulated. Dentine specimens were bonded to resincomposites with control or the experimental adhesives to be evaluated for bond strength, interfacial morphology, micro-Raman analysis, nano-CT and nano-leakage expression.

Correction to: the Effect of Cross-Linking Efficiency of Drug-Loaded Novel Freeze Gelated Chitosan Templates for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration.

The correct spelling of the second author's name is Liebert Parreiras Nogueira.

A quaternary ammonium silane antimicrobial triggers bacterial membrane and biofilm destruction.

To study the antimicrobial effects of quaternary ammonium silane (QAS) exposure on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus bacterial biofilms at different concentrations. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilms were cultured on dentine disks, and incubated for bacterial adhesion for 3-days. Disks were treated with disinfectant (experimental QAS or control) and returned to culture for four days.

The Effect of Cross-linking Efficiency of Drug-Loaded Novel Freeze Gelated Chitosan Templates for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration.

Innovative strategies for periodontal regeneration have been the focus of research clusters across the globe for decades. In order to overcome the drawbacks of currently available options, investigators have suggested a novel concept of functionally graded membrane (FGM) templates with different structural and morphological gradients. Chitosan (CH) has been used in the past for similar purpose.

Effect of photoactivated riboflavin on the biodegradation-resistance of root-dentin collagen.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of UVA-activated 1% riboflavin solution on structural integrity; mechanical properties and stability; and collagenase-mediated collagen solubilisation resistance of demineralized root dentin collagen matrix. Root dentin specimens demineralized with 17% EDTA for 7days were treated with 1% RF for 1min followed by UVA photo-activation at intensity 7mW/cm for 1min. Control specimens were completely devoid of riboflavin and/or UVA treatments.

Characterization of Chlorhexidine-Loaded Calcium-Hydroxide Microparticles as a Potential Dental Pulp-Capping Material.

This study explores the delivery of novel calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂] microparticles loaded with chlorhexidine (CHX) for potential dental therapeutic and preventive applications. Herein, we introduce a new approach for drug-delivery to deep dentin-surfaces in the form of drug-loaded microparticles. Unloaded Ca(OH)₂ [Ca(OH)₂/Blank] and CHX-loaded/Ca(OH)₂ microparticles were fabricated by aqueous chemical-precipitation technique.

PLGA nanoparticles as chlorhexidine-delivery carrier to resin-dentin adhesive interface.

Objective: To characterize and deliver fabricated CHX-loaded PLGA-nanoparticles inside micron-sized dentinal-tubules of demineralized dentin-substrates and resin-dentin interface.

Methods: Nanoparticles fabricated by emulsion evaporation were assessed in-vitro by different techniques. Delivery of drug-loaded nanoparticles to demineralized dentin substrates, interaction with collagen matrix, and ex-vivo CHX-release profiles using extracted teeth connected to experimental setup simulating pulpal hydrostatic pressure were investigated.

Characterization of Chitosan/TiO Nano-Powder Modified Glass-Ionomer Cement for Restorative Dental Applications.

Objectives: We are introducing novel glass-ionomer cement (GIC) dually-modified with chitosan (CH) in the liquid phase and titanium-dioxide nano-powder (TiO /NP) in the powder phase. The aim was to investigate the effect of this dual-modification on the antibacterial properties against S. mutans biofilms and on the bulk and surface mechanical properties.

Fabrication and evaluation of electrohydrodynamic jet 3D printed polycaprolactone/chitosan cell carriers using human embryonic stem cell-derived fibroblasts.

Biological function of adherent cells depends on the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in three-dimensional space. To understand the behavior of cells in 3D environment and their interactions with neighboring cells and matrix requires 3D culture systems. Here, we present a novel 3D cell carrier scaffold that provides an environment for routine 3D cell growth in vitro We have developed thin, mechanically stable electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) 3D printed polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/Chitosan macroporous scaffolds with precise fiber orientation for basic 3D cell culture application.

Characterization of antibacterial and adhesion properties of chitosan-modified glass ionomer cement.

Objectives: The aim is to investigate the effect of modifying the liquid phase of a conventional glass ionomer restorative material with different chitosan volume contents on the antibacterial properties and adhesion to dentin.

Methods: The liquids of commercially available restorative glass ionomer cements (GIC) were modified with chitosan (CH) solutions at different volume contents (5%, 10%, 25%, and 50%). The GIC powders were mixed with the unmodified and the CH-modified liquids at the desired powder/liquid (P/L) ratio.

In vitro analysis of riboflavin-modified, experimental, two-step etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and micro-Raman studies.

To modify two-step experimental etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive with different concentrations of riboflavin and to study its effect on the bond strength, degree of conversion, along with resin infiltration within the demineralized dentin substrate, an experimental adhesive-system was modified with different concentrations of riboflavin (m/m, 0, 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%). Dentin surfaces were etched with 37% phosphoric acid, bonded with respective adhesives, restored with restorative composite-resin, and sectioned into resin-dentin slabs and beams to be stored for 24 h or 9 months in artificial saliva. Micro-tensile bond testing was performed with scanning electron microscopy to analyse the failure of debonded beams.

Effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound on Enterococcus faecalis planktonic suspensions and biofilms.

In this study, the effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on Enterococcus faecalis on both planktonic suspensions and biofilms was investigated. E. faecalis persist in secondary dental infections as biofilms.

Effect of chitosan/riboflavin modification on resin/dentin interface: spectroscopic and microscopic investigations.

The aim of this study is to investigate the morphological and chemical changes of demineralized dentin collagen-matrix and resin/dentin interface associated with chitosan/riboflavin modification. Dentin disc specimens were prepared from sound molars, acid-etched with 35% phosphoric acid and modified with either 0.1% riboflavin or chitosan/riboflavin (Ch/RF ratios 1:4 or 1:1) and photo-activated by UVA.

Chitosan/Riboflavin-modified demineralized dentin as a potential substrate for bonding.

Previous studies have suggested different approaches to modify dentin collagen for potential improvement in bonding to dentin. Here, we are proposing a new approach to reinforce dentin collagen fibrils network by chitosan as a reinforcement phase and UVA-activated riboflavin as crosslinking agent within clinically acceptable time-frame as potential substrate for bonding. The effect of modifying demineralized dentin substrates with chitosan/riboflavin, with a gradual increase in chitosan content, was investigated by SEM, nano-indentation, conventional-mechanical testing and hydroxyproline (HYP) release at collagenolytic and/or hydrolytic challenges.

Riboflavin as a dentin crosslinking agent: ultraviolet A versus blue light.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of photo-activation of riboflavin either by ultraviolet (UVA) or visible blue light (BL) on the biodegradation resistance, strength of demineralized dentin matrix, bond strength to dentin and resin/dentin interface morphology.

Methods: Dentin beams were demineralized, treated with 0.1% or 1% riboflavin solution for 5min and photo-activated with UVA or BL for 20s.

Variations in collagen fibrils network structure and surface dehydration of acid demineralized intertubular dentin: effect of dentin depth and air-exposure time.

Objective: The aim was to characterize the variations in the structure and surface dehydration of acid demineralized intertubular dentin collagen network with the variations in dentin depth and time of air-exposure (3, 6, 9 and 12 min). In addition, to study the effect of these variations on the tensile bond strength (TBS) to dentin.

Methods: Phosphoric acid demineralized superficial and deep dentin specimens were prepared.

Probing nano-scale adhesion force between AFM and acid demineralized intertubular dentin: Moist versus dry dentin.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dentin dryness on the variation in the probed nano-scale adhesion force between an AFM silicon nitride tip and demineralized intertubular dentin collagen fibrils network surface.

Methods: Dentin specimens were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15s and then divided into three groups. Specimens of the first two groups were air-dried for 5 or 10s (DH5s and DH10s), respectively, whereas specimens of the third group were left in the hydrated condition (H).

Tensile bond strength of immediately repaired anterior microfine hybrid restorative composite using nontrimmed hourglass specimens.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of different surface treatments on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of immediately repaired anterior microfine hybrid restorative composite using nontrimmed hourglass-shaped specimens.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-six nontrimmed hourglass composite specimens were prepared in this study. Eight specimens were used for the evaluation of the cohesive tensile strength as the control group.