Technical Quality and Diagnostic Impact of Chest X-rays in Tuberculosis Screening: Insights From a Saudi Teleradiology Cohort.

Objectives To assess the standard of chest X-ray techniques in tuberculosis (TB) screening within Saudi Arabian healthcare facilities and evaluate the impact of technical quality on radiological interpretation. Materials and methods Analysis of 250 posteroanterior chest radiographs sourced from a network of five clinics was conducted. These images were scrutinized for technical quality by a radiologist.

Comparing Two Methods of Aortic Annulus Computed Tomography Measurements: A Retrospective Teleradiology Saudi Study.

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the overall mean size of the aortic valve annulus and to compare two distinct methods of quantifying aortic valve annulus dimensions using computed tomography (CT) in pre-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) Saudi teleradiology cohort. Materials and methods This retrospective cohort study, conducted from December 2019 to September 2023, included 31 patients identified using "TAVI" in our teleradiology picture archiving and communication system. CT examinations followed standardized protocols.

Sinusitis and its association with deviated nasal septum at a tertiary hospital: A retrospective study.

Objectives: Sinusitis is common and deviated nasal septum (DNS) is a frequent anatomical variant in the paranasal sinuses (PNS). Whether DNS can cause sinusitis has been a subject of debate. This study determined the rate of sinusitis and its possible association with DNS and other factors in patients attending King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH).

Revisiting Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Outbreak Chest Radiographic Initial Findings, Temporal Progression, and Correlation to Outcomes: A Multicenter Study.

Objectives Accounts of initial and follow-up chest X-rays (CXRs) of the Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) patients, and correlation with outcomes, are sparse. We retrospectively evaluated MERS-CoV CXRs initial findings, temporal progression, and outcomes correlation. Materials and methods Fifty-three real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR)-confirmed MERS-CoV patients with CXRs were retrospectively identified from November 2013 to October 2014.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the management of Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Crohn's disease (CD) is a condition that can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract, although usually forms in the colon and terminal ileum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a beneficial modality in the evaluation of small bowel activity. This study reports on a systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance enterography for the prediction of CD activity and evaluation of outcomes and possible complications.

Thoracic Diseases With Musculoskeletal Manifestations and Vice Versa: A Review.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review several thoracic conditions that are associated with certain musculoskeletal radiological abnormalities using imaging of patients with concomitant chest and musculoskeletal manifestations as illustrative examples.

Conclusion: Radiologic findings of many thoracic diseases are often nonspecific. When standing alone, their interpretation commonly results in long differential diagnosis.

Low-dose attenuation correction in diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is a valuable modality in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it is not clear if low-dose CT attenuation correction (CTAC) scans have the same accuracy to diagnose NAFLD. Our aim is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of low-dose CTAC in the diagnosis of NAFLD using non-enhanced CT as a gold standard.

Aspiration-related organizing pneumonia complicating laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: A lung cancer mimicker.

There are several described pulmonary complications due to laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. We report a rare case of a 32-year-old male who presented with pulmonary symptoms and a solitary lung mass 12 years after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. A bronchoscopic lung biopsy showed organizing pneumonia that was induced by aspiration pneumonia.

Impact of Implementing Cardiac CT in Evaluating Patients Suspected of Cardioembolic Stroke.

Background And Objectives: In practice, clinical and logistic hurdles may hamper performing transesophageal echocardiography in stroke patients. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is a recently introduced noninvasive modality able to detect various embolic causes. Thus, we retrospectively assessed possible added values of applying cardiac CT in the real-world work-up of suspected cardioembolic stroke cases.

Detectability of choledocholithiasis on CT: The effect of positive intraduodenal enteric contrast on portovenous contrast-enhanced studies.

Background/aim: To retrospectively assess the accuracy of intravenous (IV) contrast-enhanced multidetector CT (MDCT) in choledocholithiasis detectability, in the presence and absence of positive intraduodenal contrast.

Patients And Methods: Over a 3-year period, patients in whom endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed within a week from a portovenous (PV)-enhanced abdominal CT were identified. The final cohort consisted of 48 CT studies in which the entire common bile duct (CBD) length was visualized (19 males, 29 females; mean age, 68 years).

High-pitch Helical Dual-source Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography: Comparing Image Quality in Inspiratory Breath-hold and During Free Breathing.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare qualitative and quantitative image parameters of dual-source high-pitch helical computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in breath-holding (BH) versus free-breathing (FB) patients.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-nine consented patients (61 female individuals; mean age±SD, 49±18.7 y) were randomized into BH (n=45) versus FB (n=54) high-pitch helical CTPA.

Helical computed tomography scanning of the larynx and upper trachea in rabbits.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate the human tracheobronchial tree because of its unsurpassed ability to visualize the airway and surrounding structures. To establish an ideal animal model for studying subglottic stenosis, we assessed the size and morphology of the normal rabbit's laryngotracheal airway by helical CT. We measured luminal dimensions at the levels of the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages and the first, third, and eighth tracheal rings.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: chest CT findings.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the chest CT findings in seven patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection.

Conclusion: The most common CT finding in hospitalized patients with MERS-CoV infection is that of bilateral predominantly subpleural and basilar airspace changes, with more extensive ground-glass opacities than consolidation. The subpleural and peribronchovascular predilection of the abnormalities is suggestive of an organizing pneumonia pattern.

A prospective randomized trial comparing image quality, study interpretability, and radiation dose of narrow acquisition window with widened acquisition window protocols in prospectively ECG-triggered coronary computed tomography angiography.

Background: Prospectively triggered coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) is commonly performed with a widened acquisition window to provide flexibility in image reconstruction.

Objective: We conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine whether the use of a narrow acquisition window in prospectively triggered coronary CTA would allow lower radiation dose while preserving image quality and interpretability.

Methods: Prospective 2-center 2- platform randomized trial that evaluated 205 consecutive patients 96 with widened acquisition (WA) and 109 narrow acquisition (NA) referred for coronary CTA in sinus rhythm and heart rate <65 beats/min.

Coronary computed tomography angiography for stable angina: past, present, and future.

Although the clinical use of computed tomography in cardiac imaging had slow beginnings, it has seen rapid development over the past decade. This review aims to discuss the state of the technology and to help clarify its role in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease. This article highlights major historic perspectives, the accuracy of coronary computed tomography angiography in evaluating obstructive coronary artery disease, associated radiation exposure issues, considerations in patient selection, and ongoing clinical and technologic advancements.

Effect of a novel vendor-specific motion-correction algorithm on image quality and diagnostic accuracy in persons undergoing coronary CT angiography without rate-control medications.

Background: Although coronary CT angiography (CTA) shows high diagnostic performance for detection and exclusion of obstructive coronary artery disease, limited temporal resolution of current-generation CT scanners may allow for motion artifacts, which may result in nonevaluable coronary segments.

Objective: We assessed a novel vendor-specific motion-correction algorithm for its effect on image quality and diagnostic accuracy.

Methods: Thirty-six consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing coronary CTA without rate control and invasive coronary angiography as part of an evaluation for transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

MDCT to guide transcatheter aortic valve replacement and mitral valve repair.

Percutaneous management of valvular heart disease is becoming a reality, with multicenter trials supporting minimally invasive procedures for both aortic and mitral valve disease. Historically, the treatment of choice has been aortic valve replacement with conventional surgery for patients with severe aortic stenosis, as the prognosis of untreated patients is poor, particularly if the patient is symptomatic. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement is now available as a minimally invasive option to treat select high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis.

Confirmed swine-origin influenza A(H1N1) viral pneumonia: computed tomographic findings in the immunocompetent and the immunocompromised.

Aim: This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of cases of swine-origin influenza A(H1N1) viral infection (S-OIV) in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients confirmed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and to determine whether the timing of CT relative to the onset of symptoms affected the overall imaging appearance [corrected].

Methods: A total of 23 patients (15 men and 8 women) from 2 tertiary care centers formed the final study population. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on their immune status: group 1 (n = 14) were patients who were immunocompromised, whereas group 2 (n = 9) were patients who were immunocompetent.

Multidetector computed tomography in transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Aortic stenosis is a common disorder. Aortic valve replacement is indicated in symptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis, as the prognosis of untreated patients is poor. Nevertheless, many patients pose a prohibitively high surgical risk and are not candidates for surgical valve replacement.

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: magnetic resonance imaging appearance in 2 cases.

Objective: Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare soft tissue tumor usually affecting the extremities of children and young adults and has a favorable prognosis. The purpose of this study was to report the magnetic resonance imaging appearance in 2 cases of AFH.

Conclusions: Although the overall features of AFH can be confused with other subtypes of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, the young age at presentation, the location of the mass, the presence of intralesional blood-filled cystic spaces with fluid-fluid levels, associated features of hemosiderin deposition, and an enhancing fibrous pseudocapsule are all potential hints favoring this entity.

Minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules: a case of incidentally detected diffuse cystic micronodules on thin-section computed tomography.

Minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules are common incidental pathologic findings but are sparsely described in the radiology literature. They are of uncertain origin and significance, but they can occasionally manifest as mild restrictive lung disease or as incidental micronodules on computed tomography. We present a case of multiple incidentally detected, randomly distributed, cavitating micronodules with pathologic correlation.