Up-to-date studies regarding the determination of melatonin by chromatographic methods.

Melatonin is an indolic compound that has been reported in the literature to exist in human-based samples, vertebrates, vegetables, fruits, and pharmaceutical products. Melatonin is considered a dietary supplement and can regulate circadian rhythms, although it has not been classified as a drug by the US Food and Drug Administration. Several analytical methods have been used for its detection.

Rapid, sensitive, and selective copper (II) determination using sensitive chromogenic azo dye based on sulfonamide.

A simple methods have been developed for determination of Cu(II) ions in aqueous solutions. The spectrophotometric method relied mainly on the reaction between Cu(II) ions and the azo dye ligand named N-diaminomethylene-4-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenylazo)-benzenesulfonamide (HL) at pH 10.0.

Study on solid phase extraction and spectrophotometric determination of vanadium with 2,3-dichloro-6-(2,7-dihydroxy-1-naphthylazo)quinoxaline.

A sensitive, selective and rapid method has been developed for the determination micrograms per liter level of vanadium ion based on the rapid reaction of vanadium(V) with 2,3-dichloro-6-(2,7-dihydroxy-1-naphthylazo)quinoxaline (DCDHNAQ) and the solid phase extraction of the colored complex with C18 cartridge. The DCDHNAQ reacts with V(V) in the presence of citric acid-sodium hydroxide buffer solution (pH 3.3) and benzyldimethyl tetradecylammonium chloride (zephiramine) medium to form a violet complex of a molar ratio 1:2 [V(V) to DCDHNAQ].

On-line solid phase extraction coupled to capillary LC-ESI-MS for determination of fluoxetine in human blood plasma.

An instrumental setup including on-line solid phased extraction coupled to capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (SPE-capLC-ESI-MS) has been constructed to improve the sensitivity for quantification of fluoxetine hydrochloride in human plasma. Prior to injection, 0.5 mL of plasma spiked with metronidazole (internal standard) was mixed with ammonium formate buffer for effective chloroform liquid-liquid extraction.