Evaluation of The Three-Dimensional Endoscopy in Basic and Extended Nasal Procedures: A Clinical and Cadaveric Study.

 The three-dimensional (3D) endoscope is considered a new surgical tool used in different approaches in intranasal and anterior skull base surgical procedures. There are many advantages of 3D over two-dimensional (2D) endoscopy that have been demonstrated in clinical applications, surgical training, and different experimental studies.  To show the difference between using the 3D and 2D endoscopes during endonasal and anterior skull base surgery and its importance.

Breadth and Depth: Three-Dimensional Endoscopic Field of View: Two-Dimensional Versus Three-Dimensional Endoscopic Field of View.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) endoscopy is an emerging tool in ear-nose-throat (ENT) and skull base surgery with the benefit of providing real-time depth perception. Several investigators have reported that the field of view (FOV) is reduced in 3D endoscopes compared with regular 2-dimensional (2D) endoscopes. Thus, we objectively compared the FOV of 2D and 3D endoscopes.