Technical Quality and Diagnostic Impact of Chest X-rays in Tuberculosis Screening: Insights From a Saudi Teleradiology Cohort.

Objectives To assess the standard of chest X-ray techniques in tuberculosis (TB) screening within Saudi Arabian healthcare facilities and evaluate the impact of technical quality on radiological interpretation. Materials and methods Analysis of 250 posteroanterior chest radiographs sourced from a network of five clinics was conducted. These images were scrutinized for technical quality by a radiologist.

Comparing Two Methods of Aortic Annulus Computed Tomography Measurements: A Retrospective Teleradiology Saudi Study.

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the overall mean size of the aortic valve annulus and to compare two distinct methods of quantifying aortic valve annulus dimensions using computed tomography (CT) in pre-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) Saudi teleradiology cohort. Materials and methods This retrospective cohort study, conducted from December 2019 to September 2023, included 31 patients identified using "TAVI" in our teleradiology picture archiving and communication system. CT examinations followed standardized protocols.

Enhancement of Anemia Detection by Correlating Computed Tomography Findings of Abdominal Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava With Laboratory Investigations.

Anemia affects approximately a quarter of the global population, and improved detection may reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. This study investigated correlations between the results of laboratory hematological determinations of hemoglobin levels and attenuation values measured in the lumina of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) via unenhanced computed tomography (CT) with the aim of expanding diagnostic options for anemia. The data of 423 patients who underwent abdominal unenhanced CT examinations and laboratory examinations at a tertiary hospital were retrospectively evaluated.

Reference for Normal Diameters of the Abdominal Aorta and Common Iliac Arteries in the Saudi Population.

The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdomen. It then bifurcates giving the two common iliac arteries. Knowing the normal abdominal aorta diameter is a basis for diagnosing abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and subsequently developing an optimal management plan.

Sinusitis and its association with deviated nasal septum at a tertiary hospital: A retrospective study.

Objectives: Sinusitis is common and deviated nasal septum (DNS) is a frequent anatomical variant in the paranasal sinuses (PNS). Whether DNS can cause sinusitis has been a subject of debate. This study determined the rate of sinusitis and its possible association with DNS and other factors in patients attending King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH).

Revisiting Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Outbreak Chest Radiographic Initial Findings, Temporal Progression, and Correlation to Outcomes: A Multicenter Study.

Objectives Accounts of initial and follow-up chest X-rays (CXRs) of the Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) patients, and correlation with outcomes, are sparse. We retrospectively evaluated MERS-CoV CXRs initial findings, temporal progression, and outcomes correlation. Materials and methods Fifty-three real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR)-confirmed MERS-CoV patients with CXRs were retrospectively identified from November 2013 to October 2014.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the management of Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Crohn's disease (CD) is a condition that can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract, although usually forms in the colon and terminal ileum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a beneficial modality in the evaluation of small bowel activity. This study reports on a systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance enterography for the prediction of CD activity and evaluation of outcomes and possible complications.

Imaging of Thoracic Wall Abnormalities.

Identification of certain abnormalities of the chest wall can be extremely helpful in correctly diagnosing a number of syndromic conditions and systemic diseases. Additionally, chest wall abnormalities may sometimes constitute diagnoses by themselves. In the present pictorial essay, we review a number of such conditions and provide illustrative cases that were retrospectively identified from our clinical imaging database.

Thoracic Diseases With Musculoskeletal Manifestations and Vice Versa: A Review.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review several thoracic conditions that are associated with certain musculoskeletal radiological abnormalities using imaging of patients with concomitant chest and musculoskeletal manifestations as illustrative examples.

Conclusion: Radiologic findings of many thoracic diseases are often nonspecific. When standing alone, their interpretation commonly results in long differential diagnosis.

Coronary-pulmonary arterial fistula in a neonate with pulmonary atresia-ventricular septal defect and single coronary artery.

In cases of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD), coronary-pulmonary arterial fistula (CPAF) as the main source of pulmonary blood supply is extremely rare. These fistulae may arise from the left coronary artery, right coronary artery, or a single coronary artery. Fistulae from a single coronary artery are unusual.

Low-dose attenuation correction in diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is a valuable modality in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it is not clear if low-dose CT attenuation correction (CTAC) scans have the same accuracy to diagnose NAFLD. Our aim is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of low-dose CTAC in the diagnosis of NAFLD using non-enhanced CT as a gold standard.

Aspiration-related organizing pneumonia complicating laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: A lung cancer mimicker.

There are several described pulmonary complications due to laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. We report a rare case of a 32-year-old male who presented with pulmonary symptoms and a solitary lung mass 12 years after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. A bronchoscopic lung biopsy showed organizing pneumonia that was induced by aspiration pneumonia.

Impact of Implementing Cardiac CT in Evaluating Patients Suspected of Cardioembolic Stroke.

Background And Objectives: In practice, clinical and logistic hurdles may hamper performing transesophageal echocardiography in stroke patients. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is a recently introduced noninvasive modality able to detect various embolic causes. Thus, we retrospectively assessed possible added values of applying cardiac CT in the real-world work-up of suspected cardioembolic stroke cases.

Detectability of choledocholithiasis on CT: The effect of positive intraduodenal enteric contrast on portovenous contrast-enhanced studies.

Background/aim: To retrospectively assess the accuracy of intravenous (IV) contrast-enhanced multidetector CT (MDCT) in choledocholithiasis detectability, in the presence and absence of positive intraduodenal contrast.

Patients And Methods: Over a 3-year period, patients in whom endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed within a week from a portovenous (PV)-enhanced abdominal CT were identified. The final cohort consisted of 48 CT studies in which the entire common bile duct (CBD) length was visualized (19 males, 29 females; mean age, 68 years).

High-pitch Helical Dual-source Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography: Comparing Image Quality in Inspiratory Breath-hold and During Free Breathing.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare qualitative and quantitative image parameters of dual-source high-pitch helical computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in breath-holding (BH) versus free-breathing (FB) patients.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-nine consented patients (61 female individuals; mean age±SD, 49±18.7 y) were randomized into BH (n=45) versus FB (n=54) high-pitch helical CTPA.

Helical computed tomography scanning of the larynx and upper trachea in rabbits.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate the human tracheobronchial tree because of its unsurpassed ability to visualize the airway and surrounding structures. To establish an ideal animal model for studying subglottic stenosis, we assessed the size and morphology of the normal rabbit's laryngotracheal airway by helical CT. We measured luminal dimensions at the levels of the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages and the first, third, and eighth tracheal rings.

Impact of high-fidelity transvaginal ultrasound simulation for radiology on residents' performance and satisfaction.

Rationale And Objectives: Because of the intimate and uncomfortable nature of transvaginal ultrasound, training residents to perform this type of examination is a difficult task. As a consequence, residents may receive inadequate training that leads to a lack of the skills and confidence needed to perform this examination. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of using simulation sessions to teach residents how to perform transvaginal ultrasound, enabling them to diagnose obstetric and gynecologic emergencies and helping them survive on-calls alone while keeping their patients safe.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: chest CT findings.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the chest CT findings in seven patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection.

Conclusion: The most common CT finding in hospitalized patients with MERS-CoV infection is that of bilateral predominantly subpleural and basilar airspace changes, with more extensive ground-glass opacities than consolidation. The subpleural and peribronchovascular predilection of the abnormalities is suggestive of an organizing pneumonia pattern.

A prospective randomized trial comparing image quality, study interpretability, and radiation dose of narrow acquisition window with widened acquisition window protocols in prospectively ECG-triggered coronary computed tomography angiography.

Background: Prospectively triggered coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) is commonly performed with a widened acquisition window to provide flexibility in image reconstruction.

Objective: We conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine whether the use of a narrow acquisition window in prospectively triggered coronary CTA would allow lower radiation dose while preserving image quality and interpretability.

Methods: Prospective 2-center 2- platform randomized trial that evaluated 205 consecutive patients 96 with widened acquisition (WA) and 109 narrow acquisition (NA) referred for coronary CTA in sinus rhythm and heart rate <65 beats/min.

Bronchiolitis in young female smokers.

Background: Smoking is a growing concern among young women. However, the pulmonary effects of smoking in young female smokers in their 20's are unknown.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether young female smokers demonstrate smoking-related lung abnormalities such as bronchiolitis in their 20's.