MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration.

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015.

Self-Resistance Gene-Guided Discovery of the Molecular Basis for Biosynthesis of the Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor Cerulenin.

Cerulenin (1) is the first reported natural fatty acid synthase inhibitor and has been intensively researched for its antifungal, anticancer and anti-obesity properties. However, the molecular basis for its biosynthesis has remained a mystery for six decades. Here, we have identified the polyketide biosynthetic gene cluster (cer) responsible for the biosynthesis of 1 from two Sarocladium species using a self-resistance gene mining approach, which we validated via heterologous reconstitution of cer cluster in an Aspergillus nidulans host.

Discovery and heterologous biosynthesis of glycosylated polyketide luteodienoside A reveals unprecedented glucinol-mediated product offloading by a fungal carnitine -acyltransferase domain.

Luteodienoside A is a novel glycosylated polyketide produced by the Australian fungus MST-FP2246, consisting of an unusual 1--β-d-glucopyranosyl--inositol (glucinol) ester of 3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylocta-4,6-dienoic acid. Mining the genome of identified a putative gene cluster for luteodienoside A biosynthesis (), harbouring a highly reducing polyketide synthase (HR-PKS, LtbA) fused at its C-terminus to a carnitine -acyltransferase (cAT) domain. Heterologous pathway reconstitution in , substrate feeding assays and gene truncation confirmed the identity of the cluster and demonstrated that the cAT domain is essential for offloading luteodienoside A from the upstream HR-PKS.

Antifungal Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Causing Aspergillosis: Ultrastructure Study.

Currently, nanoparticles and nanomaterials are widely used for biomedical applications. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully biosynthesized using a cell-free extract (CFE) of MAE 6 through a green and ecofriendly method. The size of the biosynthesized AgNPs was 32.

Foliar Application of Nanoclay Promotes Potato ( L.) Growth and Induces Systemic Resistance against Potato Virus Y.

Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most harmful phytopathogens. It causes big problems for potatoes and other important crops around the world. Nanoclays have been extensively studied for various biomedical applications.

New Strategy for Inducing Resistance against Bacterial Wilt Disease Using an Avirulent Strain of .

is one of the globally significant plant pathogens that infect a wide host range of economically important plants. A study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that an avirulent strain of can act as a biocontrol mediator for managing potato bacterial wilt. Virulent was isolated and identified (GenBank accession number; OP180100).

Seed Endophytic sp. F23KW as a Promising Growth Promoter and Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia Root Rot of Fenugreek.

Root rot is one of the most significant soil and seed-borne fungal diseases, limiting the cultivation of fenugreek plants. Endophytic bacteria and their natural bioproducts have emerged as growth promoters and disease suppressors in the current era. Despite limited research, seeds are a good funder of endophytic microbiomes, which are transmitted from them to other seedling parts, thereby providing a shield against biotic and abiotic anxiety and promoting the growth at early germination and later stages.

Mycosynthesis of Hematite (α-FeO) Nanoparticles Using and Their Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Activities.

Nanoparticles (NPs) and nanomaterials (NMs) are now widely used in a variety of applications, including medicine, solar energy, drug delivery, water treatment, and pollution detection. Hematite (α-FeO) nanoparticles (Hem-NPs) were manufactured in this work by utilizing a cost-effective and ecofriendly approach that included a biomass filtrate of AH1 as a bio-reducer. The structural and optical properties of Hem-NPs were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV-visible and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies.

Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi as Biocontrol Tool against Fusarium Wilt Disease of Tomato Plant.

Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) improve plant health and resist plant pathogens. The present study was carried out to biocontrol tomato Fusarium wilt using PGPF through antifungal activity and enhance tomato plant immune response. Four PGPF were identified genetically as , , .

Green Biosynthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles Using Orange Peel Waste: Characterization, Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.

There is an increase of pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria globally due to the misuse of antibiotics. Recently, more scientists used metal nanoparticles to counteract antibacterial resistance. In this study, orange peel waste (OPW) was used for selenium nanoparticles' (Se-NPs) biosynthesis through the green and ecofriendly method, and their applications as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents.

Suppression of Pepper Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Caused by and .

Pepper is vulnerable to soil-borne fungal pathogens such as and . The potential of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms to control and f.sp.

Strain Th23 Promotes Tomato Growth and Induces Systemic Resistance against Tobacco Mosaic Virus.

strain Th23, isolated from tomato roots, was molecularly identified using phylogenetic analysis based on , , and gene sequences and evaluated for its efficiency in suppressing tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection for the first time. Under greenhouse conditions, the application of Th23 promoted tomato growth with significant increases in shoot and root parameters as well as improved total chlorophyll content. Compared to the nontreated tomato plants, the soil pretreatment of tomato plants 48 h before TMV inoculation produced a significant reduction in the TMV accumulation level by 84.