[Results of PROMESA I study; efficacy and safety of a very low calorie diet application and following alimentary reeducation with the PronoKal® method in the treatment of excess of weight].

Background And Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy in the reduction of weight with a cetogenic very low calorie diet followed by alimentary reeducation according to the PronoKal® method in patients with overweight and obesity, and the safety during the procedure.

Methods: Retrospective, observational and multicentre study where the patient's descriptive variables, variables related with the ponderal change, abdominal waist circumference, and general biochemistry were statistically analysed at the end of each treatment stages, and the adverse events referred at each visit during the treatment.

Results: From the 426 evaluable cases, 62.

Self-administered subcutaneous fluid infusion at home in the management of fluid depletion and hypomagnesaemia in gastro-intestinal disease.

Background And Aims: In short bowel fistula and some other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, salt, water and magnesium (Mg) balance may continue negative despite oral treatment, even in patients with adequate nutritional status. This study describes the use of self-administered subcutaneous fluid infusions (HSCF) to treat this problem.

Patients & Methods: HSCF was administered to patients with GI failure and adequate macro-nutrient status (BMI) when GI salt, water and magnesium balance continued negative despite optimal diet, drug and supplemental treatment.

Insulin revisited.

Injury and critical illness are characterised by hyperglycaemia, high free fatty acids and high net protein catabolism, due partly to suppression of insulin secretion in the shock phase and insulin resistance in the flow phase of injury, accompanied by high levels of cytokines and the catabolic hormones cortisol, glucagon and catecholamines. Pre-operative carbohydrate loading reduces post-operative insulin resistance and its consequences. Insulin has been shown to reduce the catabolic response as well as controlling hyperglycaemia.