Intracranial hemorrhage following surgery for occult spinal dysraphism: a case-based update.

Background: Intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume depletion causes diverse clinical syndromes most of them constituting the manifestations of decreased intracranial pressure. Subdural collections or chronic subdural hematomas are the best-known consequences of persistent CSF leaks, especially in overshunted hydrocephalus. Continuous CSF escape also occurs after lumbar puncture, spinal anesthesia, and diverse spinal surgeries.

Severe spinal cord injury in craniocervical dislocation. Case-based update.

Background: Craniocervical distraction injuries, including atlanto-axial dislocation (AAD) and atlanto-ocipital dislocation (AOD), are often associated with severe spinal cord involvement with high morbidity and mortality rates. Many patients with these injuries die at the accident scene, but advances in emergency resuscitation and transport permit that many patients arrive alive to hospitals.

Discussion: Children with craniocervical distraction injuries usually present with a severe cranioencephalic traumatism that is the most relevant lesion at admission.

Reproducibility of shear wave velocity measurements by acoustic radiation force impulse imaging of the liver: a study in healthy volunteers.

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to investigate interobserver reproducibility using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging and to develop an acoustic radiation force impulse scoring system.

Methods: Fifty healthy volunteers with normal liver function test values were selected for the study. Shear wave velocity measurements, expressed in meters per second, were taken in a deep portion of liver segment 6.

Positional skull deformities in children: skull deformation without synostosis.

Background: Patients with craniosynostosis are readily diagnosed by clinical and neuroimaging findings. Surgical treatment is indicated for preventing neurological deficits and for correcting esthetically unacceptable head deformities. In recent years, we have witnessed a progressive number of neurosurgical consultations for abnormal head shapes unrelated to premature fusion of the cranial sutures, especially of positional plagiocephaly.