Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of Diet, Lifestyle, Family History, and Screening Patterns.

Background: Racial disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are considerable. We previously found in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) that African-American men had an 80% higher prostate cancer risk than White men. With 21 additional years of follow-up and four-fold increase in cases, we undertook a contemporary analysis of racial differences in prostate cancer incidence and mortality in HPFS.

Association of active coping to unfair treatment with perceived stress and depressive symptoms in African Americans: mh-grid study.

Background: Unfair treatment such as discrimination and racism contribute to depression and perceived stress in African Americans. Although studies have examined how responding to such treatment is associated with ameliorating depressive symptoms and levels of perceived stress, most do not focus on African Americans. The purpose of this study is to assess how talking to others in response to unfair treatment is associated with self-reported depressive symptoms and perceived stress levels in African Americans.

Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin Levels and Prostate Cancer Risk among Men in the Multiethnic Cohort.

Background: The circadian hormone melatonin has anticancer properties, and prior studies suggest a positive association between low melatonin and prostate cancer risk. The purpose of this study was to examine urinary melatonin levels and prostate cancer in a racially/ethnically diverse cohort.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study, including 1,263 prostate cancer cases and 2,346 controls, sampled from participants in the Multiethnic Cohort Study with prediagnostic urine samples assayed for 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, the primary melatonin metabolite.

Insulinemic and Inflammatory Dietary Patterns and Risk of Prostate Cancer.

Background: Hyperinsulinemia and inflammation are inter-related pathways that link diet with the risk of several chronic diseases. Evidence suggests that these pathways may also increase prostate cancer risk.

Objective: To determine whether hyperinsulinemic diet and inflammatory diet are associated with prostate cancer incidence and mortality.

Baldness and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.

Background: The association between male pattern baldness and prostate cancer has been inconsistent. We prospectively investigated the association between baldness at age 45 and prostate cancer risk in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), focusing on clinical and molecular markers.

Methods: Baldness was self-reported on the 1992 questionnaire using the modified Norwood-Hamilton scale prior to diagnosis.

Statin Use Is Associated with Lower Risk of PTEN-Null and Lethal Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Statins are associated with lower risk of aggressive prostate cancer, but lethal prostate cancer is understudied and contributing mechanisms are unclear. We prospectively examined statins and lethal prostate cancer risk in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), tested associations with molecular subtypes, and integrated gene expression profiling to identify putative mechanisms.

Experimental Design: Our study included 44,126 men cancer-free in 1990, followed for prostate cancer incidence through 2014, with statin use recorded on biennial questionnaires.

A Prospective Study of the Association between Physical Activity and Risk of Prostate Cancer Defined by Clinical Features and TMPRSS2:ERG.

Background: Growing evidence shows that clinical and molecular subtypes of prostate cancer (PCa) have specific risk factors. Observational studies suggest that physical activity may lower the risk of aggressive PCa. To our knowledge, the association between physical activity and PCa defined by TMPRSS2:ERG has not been evaluated.

Association between Trichomonas vaginalis and prostate cancer mortality.

We previously observed a positive association between seropositivity for the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and risk of clinically significant prostate cancer at diagnosis. Here, we examined whether T. vaginalis seropositivity was associated with increased prostate cancer-specific or all-cause mortality among prostate cancer patients.

A Prospective Study of Aspirin Use and Prostate Cancer Risk by Status.

In a case-control study, aspirin use was associated with a lower risk of a common prostate cancer molecular subtype, the gene fusion. We sought to validate this finding in a prospective cohort. In the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 49,395 men reported on aspirin use on biennial questionnaires and were followed for prostate cancer incidence over 23 years.

Seasonal influenza vaccination coverage - United States, 2009-10 and 2010-11.

Infection with influenza viruses can cause severe morbidity and mortality among all age groups. Children, particularly those aged <5 years, have the highest incidence of infection during epidemic periods; however, the highest rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations and deaths are among the elderly (aged ≥65 years), children aged <2 years, and those of any age with underlying medical conditions. Each year, influenza-related complications are estimated to result in more than 226,000 hospitalizations.

Effects of calcium and vitamin D3 on transforming growth factors in rectal mucosa of sporadic colorectal adenoma patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) and TGFβ1 are growth-promoting and -inhibiting autocrine/paracrine growth factors, respectively, that may (1) affect risk for colorectal cancer and (2) be modifiable by anti-proliferative exposures. The effects of supplemental calcium and vitamin D3 on these two markers in the normal-appearing colorectal mucosa in humans are unknown. We conducted a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial clinical trial (n = 92; 23/treatment group) of calcium 2 g and/or vitamin D3 800 IU/d versus placebo over 6 mo.

Estimated dietary phytoestrogen intake and major food sources among women during the year before pregnancy.

Background: Phytoestrogens may be associated with a variety of different health outcomes, including outcomes related to reproductive health. Recently published data on phytoestrogen content of a wide range of foods provide an opportunity to improve estimation of dietary phytoestrogen intake.

Methods: Using the recently published data, we estimated intake among a representative sample of 6,584 women of reproductive age from a multi-site, population-based case-control study, the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS).