The State of STEMI Care Across NSW: A Comparison of Rural, Regional, and Metropolitan Centres.

Background: At a global level, regional variation in the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is influenced by patient demographics and geography. Rural patients with STEMI are disadvantaged in reaching timely care owing to distance and limited ambulance and healthcare resources. Optimising models of STEMI care is key to overcoming the excess rural vs metropolitan cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Brown Adipose Tissue as a Unique Niche for Islet Organoid Transplantation: Insights From In Vivo Imaging.

Background: Transplantation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived islet organoids is a promising cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). It is important to improve the efficacy of islet organoids transplantation by identifying new transplantation sites with high vascularization and sufficient accommodation to support graft survival with a high capacity for oxygen delivery.

Methods: A human-induced pluripotent stem cell line (hiPSCs-L1) was generated constitutively expressing luciferase.

International validation of meaningfulness of postural sway and gait to assess myeloneuropathy in adults with adrenoleukodystrophy.

Background: The most common manifestation of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a slowly progressive myeloneuropathy, which leads to imbalance and gait disturbances. The variable progression of the disease complicates evaluation of its progression rate. Wearable sensors allow for easy and frequent balance and gait collection.

An Evaluation of Zebrafish, an Emerging Model Analyzing the Effects of Toxicants on Cognitive and Neuromuscular Function.

An emerging alternative to conventional animal models in toxicology research is the zebrafish. Their accelerated development, regenerative capacity, transparent physical appearance, ability to be genetically manipulated, and ease of housing and care make them feasible and efficient experimental models. Nonetheless, their most esteemed asset is their 70% (+) genetic similarity with the human genome, which allows the model to be used in a variety of clinically relevant studies.

Monkeypox presenting as supraglottitis in an immunocompromised patient.

We describe a young man with AIDS who presented to the ear, nose and throat team with a severe sore throat mimicking supraglottitis. He had a 3-day history of sore throat, hoarse voice, fevers and myalgia. On examination, he had cervical lymphadenopathy and profuse pus overlying his right tonsil.

Comparison of P2Y12 Inhibitors in Acute Coronary Syndromes in the Australian Population.

Background: Clopidogrel in combination with aspirin after acute coronary syndromes (ACS) reduces recurrent ischaemic events compared to aspirin alone. Further reductions in events have been demonstrated when clopidogrel is replaced by ticagrelor or prasugrel albeit with increases in bleeding. There are few studies documenting the patterns of use of P2Y12 inhibitors or their association with outcomes in the Australian population.

Spironolactone affects cardiovascular and craniofacial development in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio).

Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic and aldosterone antagonist, is a mineralocorticoid hormone commonly prescribed to patients suffering from heart failure, hirsutism, dermatological afflictions, and hypertension. Interestingly, relatively little work has been done on the development of vertebrate embryos after exposure to this compound. Here, we treat zebrafish embryos with spironolactone at 10 M, 10 M, or 10 M, and observe them after three to seven days of exposure.

In Hospital Outcomes for High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in Patients Referred From a Rural Centre to Metropolitan Sites.

Background: Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) guidelines recommend elective high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not performed in sites greater than 1 hour from cardiac surgery.

Methods: In hospital outcomes for all patients from Orange Health Service (OHS) from January 2017 to January 2020 who were transferred electively to tertiary centres in Sydney for high risk PCI were examined.

Results: One hundred and fourteen (114) patients were identified, with 1,259 PCIs performed at OHS over the same period without transfer.

Synergistic effects of exercise and catalase overexpression on gut microbiome.

Exercise influences metabolic parameters in part by modulating redox stress and as recently suggested, by affecting the gut microbiome. However, whether excess endogenous antioxidant potentiates or interferes with the beneficial effects of exercise on the gut microbiome is not known. A comparison of the gut microbiome of C57Bl6 (C57/WT) mice to the 'stress-less' catalase overexpressing mice models ([Tg(CAT) ] and Bob-Cat), that were either exercised or remained sedentary, showed differences in both alpha and beta diversity.

Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Acetazolamide-Based Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors with Activity against .

is an urgent threat to public health in the United States and around the world. Many of the current classes of antibiotics to treat infection are quickly becoming obsolete due to increased rates of resistance. Thus, there is a critical need for alternative antimicrobial targets and new chemical entities.

Viral Infectivity in Patients Undergoing Tracheotomy With COVID-19: A Preliminary Study.

Objective: To establish the presence of live virus and its association with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity and antibody status in patients with COVID-19 undergoing tracheotomy.

Study Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Single institution across 3 hospital sites during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

"No drain, no gain": Validation of novel quinsy simulation model.

Objectives: To test a novel, low-cost, home-made model for needle aspiration of PTA.To ascertain whether simulation-based teaching using this model was superior to lecture-based teaching in increasing confidence and reducing anxiety relating to PTA aspiration.To assess whether there was an improvement in outcomes for PTA patients at one hospital following the delivery of a simulation-based training session using our model.

Relation of Body Mass Index to Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome.

We assessed the association of BMI with all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in a contemporary acute coronary syndrome cohort. Patients from the Australian Cooperative National Registry of Acute Coronary Care, Guideline Adherence and Clinical Events and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events between 2009 and 2019, were divided into BMI subgroups (underweight: <18.5, healthy: 18.

Assessment of agro-morphological variability of dry-season sorghum cultivars in Chad as novel sources of drought tolerance.

Dry-season sorghum is a type of sorghum whose establishment ends at the end of the rainy season and its development takes place during the dry and cold harmattan period. Its root system is particularly well developed with deep penetration for water withdrawal. This study was conducted to assess the level of genetic diversity present among dry-season sorghum in Chad's Sudanese zone using phenotypic traits, and to identify new sources of drought tolerance that could be used in sorghum breeding programs.

Is whole genome sequencing the answer for identifying bacteraemia?

We present a rare case of bacteraemia and the challenges of differentiating and spp using conventional and newer laboratory techniques in diagnostic laboratories. The organism was identified only after whole genomic sequencing .

Life after abciximab; what's next for intracoronary thrombus?

A case is described in which the short-acting glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist tirofiban was used in combination with heparin, aspirin and prasugrel to successfully treat extensive intracoronary thrombus in a delayed presentation STEMI, illustrating the utility of this approach.

Omega 3 rich diet modulates energy metabolism via GPR120-Nrf2 crosstalk in a novel antioxidant mouse model.

With obesity rates reaching epidemic proportions, more studies concentrated on reducing the risk and treating this epidemic are vital. Redox stress is an important metabolic regulator involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Oxygen and nitrogen-derived free radicals alter glucose and lipid homeostasis in key metabolic tissues, leading to increases in risk of developing metabolic syndrome.

Effects of Organic and Conventional Crop Nutrition on Profiles of Polar Metabolites in Grain of Wheat.

The profiles of polar metabolites were determined in wholemeal flours of grain from the Broadbalk wheat experiment and from plants grown under organic and low-input systems to study the effects of nutrition on composition. The Broadbalk samples showed increased amino acids, acetate, and choline and decreased fructose and succinate with increasing nitrogen fertilization. Samples receiving farm yard manure had similar grain nitrogen to those receiving 96 kg of N/ha but had higher contents of amino acids, sugars, and organic acids.

A Chiral Gas-Hydrate Structure Common to the Carbon Dioxide-Water and Hydrogen-Water Systems.

We present full in situ structural solutions of carbon dioxide hydrate-II and hydrogen hydrate C at elevated pressures using neutron and X-ray diffraction. We find both hydrates adopt a common water network structure. The structure exhibits several features not previously found in hydrates; most notably it is chiral and has large open spiral channels along which the guest molecules are free to move.

Catalase overexpression modulates metabolic parameters in a new 'stress-less' leptin-deficient mouse model.

Oxidative stress plays a key role in obesity by modifying the function of important biological molecules, thus altering obesogenic pathways such as glucose and lipid signaling. Catalase, is an important endogenous antioxidant enzyme that catabolizes hydrogen peroxide produced by the dismutation of superoxide. Recent studies have shown knockdown of catalase exacerbates insulin resistance and leads to obesity.

Mitochondrial redox status as a target for cardiovascular disease.

Mitochondria are major players in cellular energetics, oxidative stress and programmed cell death. Mitochondrial dynamics regulate and integrate these functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.