Correction: High frequencies of theropod bite marks provide evidence for feeding, scavenging, and possible cannibalism in a stressed Late Jurassic ecosystem.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Prey size and ecological separation in spinosaurid theropods based on heterodonty and rostrum shape.

Members of the dinosaur clade Spinosauridae had numerous traits attributed to feeding in or around water, and their feeding apparatus has often been considered analogous to modern crocodylians. Here we quantify the craniodental morphology of Spinosauridae and compare it to modern Crocodylia. We measured from spinosaurid and crocodylian skeletal material the area of alveoli as a proxy for tooth size to determine size-heterodonty.

Iron-coated Komodo dragon teeth and the complex dental enamel of carnivorous reptiles.

Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) are the largest extant predatory lizards and their ziphodont (serrated, curved and blade-shaped) teeth make them valuable analogues for studying tooth structure, function and comparing with extinct ziphodont taxa, such as theropod dinosaurs. Like other ziphodont reptiles, V. komodoensis teeth possess only a thin coating of enamel that is nevertheless able to cope with the demands of their puncture-pull feeding.

Lung Cancer Surgery in Octogenarians: Implications and Advantages of Artificial Intelligence in the Preoperative Assessment.

The general world population is aging and patients are often diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer at an advanced age. Several studies have shown that age is not itself a contraindication for lung cancer surgery, and therefore, more and more octogenarians with early-stage lung cancer are undergoing surgery with curative intent. However, octogenarians present some peculiarities that make surgical treatment more challenging, so an accurate preoperative selection is mandatory.

Revealing the hidden carbon in forested wetland soils.

Inland wetlands are critical carbon reservoirs storing 30% of global soil organic carbon (SOC) within 6% of the land surface. However, forested regions contain SOC-rich wetlands that are not included in current maps, which we refer to as 'cryptic carbon'. Here, to demonstrate the magnitude and distribution of cryptic carbon, we measure and map SOC stocks as a function of a continuous, upland-to-wetland gradient across the Hoh River Watershed (HRW) in the Pacific Northwest of the U.

Circumferential esophageal leiomyoma: Management by combined robotic surgery and intraoperative endoscopy.

Leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the esophagus. Open thoracotomy, the traditional approach adopted for the enucleation of the esophageal leiomyoma, over the years, has been gradually replaced by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. However, this minimally invasive approach has limitations, such as two-dimensional vision and reduced range of motion, which have recently been overcome by technical advantages of robot-assisted surgery.

Comments on "The surgical approach of late-onset tracheoesophageal fistula in a tracheostomized COVID-19 patient".

Dear Editor, we have read with interest the case reported by Rotolo et al.  (published in February 2023 as Early Access) concerning the surgical management of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in a COVID-19 patient treated with prolonged mechanical ventilation for severe respiratory failure.

Transbronchial needle aspiration in severe cardiac failure patient: 'The old bull knows best'.

Conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (cTBNA) remains a basic technique that must be part of the bronchoscopists expertise. In cases where EBUS is not available, cTBNA must be kept in mind: 'the old bull knows best'.

Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 Infection Screening before Thoracic Surgery during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Objectives: During coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, preoperative screening before thoracic surgery is paramount in order to protect patients and staff from undetected infections. This study aimed to determine which preoperative COVID-19 screening tool was the most effective strategy before thoracic surgery.

Methods: This retrospective cohort multicenter study was performed at 3 Italian thoracic surgery centers.

Persistent alveolar air leak following pulmonary lobectomy: an old problem in a modern era.

Persistent alveolar air leak (PAAL) after major lung resection remains a common complication in thoracic surgery. The aim of this study was to identify a subset of patients with high risk of developing PAAL after pulmonary lobectomy. Another objective was to evaluate the influence of PAAL on postoperative complications and length of hospital stay.

Factors Associated with Early Discharge after Thoracoscopic Lobectomy: Results from the Italian VATS Group Registry.

Objective. There are limited data for estimating the risk of early discharge following thoracoscopic lobectomy. The objective was to identify the factors associated with a short length of stay and verify the influence of these variables in uncomplicated patients.

Post-Intubation Tracheoesophageal Fistula: Surgical Management by Complete Cervical Tracheal Transection.

We report successful surgical management of post-intubation tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in an adult patient requiring long-term mechanical ventilation. A complete tracheal transection without tracheal resection, via an anterior cervical approach, followed by direct closure of tracheal and esophageal defect, and interposition of muscle flap between the suture lines and tracheal reconstruction was performed. In selected cases, this surgical procedure may be a viable alternative to traditional techniques used to treat post-intubation TEF via the anterior or lateral cervical approach.

Alectinib rescue therapy in advanced ALK rearranged lung adenocarcinoma: a case report.

Alectinib is a highly selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) that is approved as first-line treatment in adult patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and as second-line in patients previously treated with crizotinib, and has been shown in the literature to significantly prolong progression-free survival compared to chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The authors describe a clinical case of a 24-year-old woman with malignant massive pleural effusion caused by ALK rearranged pulmonary adenocarcinoma with pleural and pericardial metastasis, in which, despite a dramatic clinical debut, the correct and timely management of the diagnostic and therapeutic path allowed for extraordinary therapeutic success.

Coaxial Drainage versus Standard Chest Tube after Pulmonary Lobectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Chest tubes are routinely inserted after thoracic surgery procedures in different sizes and numbers. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of Smart Drain Coaxial drainage compared with two standard chest tubes in patients undergoing thoracotomy for pulmonary lobectomy. Ninety-eight patients (57 males and 41 females, mean age 68.

The long-term oncologic outcomes of robot-assisted bronchial single sleeve lobectomy for 104 consecutive patients with centrally located non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Up to now, no study has described the long-term survival and its prognostic factors of robot-assisted sleeve lobectomy. Here, the present cohort study reported the long-term oncologic outcomes of robot-assisted sleeve lobectomy to evaluate the oncological feasibility of sleeve lobectomy via a robotic surgical system in patients with centrally located non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A total of 104 consecutive patients with centrally located NSCLC who underwent robot-assisted bronchial single sleeve lobectomy between October 2014 and May 2021 were retrospectively reviewed.

Unusual Periaortic Mediastinal Recurrence of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: When Making Diagnosis Is Really Necessary.

We report an unusual mediastinal recurrence along descending thoracic aorta during oncologic follow-up in a 47-year-old female smoker issued by lung adenocarcinoma with a history of left lower lobectomy and lingulectomy en bloc followed by adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III A-N2. Regional recurrence occurring along the staple line was suspected and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) combined to PET/CT allowed to reach definitive tissue diagnosis. High focal hypermetabolic activity on PET/CT at the site of suspect recurrence was necessary to check the lesion sampling by EBUS-TBNA.

Anomalous segmental pulmonary vein: additional V6 behind the bronchus intermedius draining into the superior pulmonary vein.

Anatomical variations of pulmonary venous drainage have been widely described in the literature in order to perform safe thoracic surgical procedures. We report a case of anomalous vein from the superior segment of the right lower lobe running in the posterior mediastinum and draining into the superior pulmonary vein. As the patient showed a usual right inferior pulmonary vein, formed by the union of the superior segment right lower lobe vein (V6) and the common basal vein joining the left atrium, the uncommon segmental pulmonary vein described was named: additional V6.

The Overweight Paradox: Impact of Body Mass Index on Patients Undergoing VATS Lobectomy or Segmentectomy.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of BMI on perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing VATS lobectomy or segmentectomy. Data from 5088 patients undergoing VATS lobectomy or segmentectomy, included in the VATS Group Italian Registry, were collected. BMI (kg/m) was categorized according to the WHO classes: underweight, normal, overweight, obese.