Introduction: The gut microbiome has an established role in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), but not in an auto-HCT setting. We have hypothesized that fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and urinary 3-indoxyl sulfate (3-IS), which are metabolites derived from the action of the gut microbiome on dietary fiber, play a role in auto-HCT outcomes.
Methods: This was a single-center prospective study involving auto-HCT recipients.
Introduction: The first-line treatment of moderate-severe chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) involves systemic corticosteroids ± calcineurin inhibitors. Around half of the patients will need second-line agents for corticosteroid-refractory/dependent (SR/SD) cGVHD. Herein, we report our experience using sirolimus as an add-on agent to corticosteroids in moderate-severe cGVHD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGall bladder cancer (GBC) is common among the socioeconomically deprived populations of certain geographical regions. Aflatoxin is a genotoxic hepatocarcinogen, which is recognized to have a role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of aflatoxin in the pathogenesis of GBC is largely unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To synthesize the evidence on the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in adolescents with overweight or obesity.
Materials And Methods: For this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched five databases and registries until 2 March 2024 for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was weight change.
Background: Initial randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showed that prophylactic azithromycin in pregnant women improved maternal and neonatal outcomes; however, the recent evidence did not show any benefit to neonatal survival. There is conflicting evidence over the role of azithromycin prophylaxis in antenatal and intrapartum periods. We explored whether azithromycin prophylaxis in pregnant women improves maternal and neonatal outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aims: Colonoscopy has a vital role in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as in the estimation of disease severity, monitoring response to therapy, and surveillance for neoplasia. We performed a systematic review of randomised trials of various bowel preparations for colonoscopy in IBD.
Methods: We searched various electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL) for studies reporting about the use of various strategies to improve colonoscopy preparation in IBD.
Background: Traumatic birth experience is an unaddressed arena, especially in Asian women, with several societal stigmas lingering around.
Aim: A study was undertaken to simultaneously assess the post-partum mental and physical health follow-up of maternal near-miss (MNM) women and compare it with women of uneventful deliveries.
Materials And Methods: The prospective cohort study enrolled 88 MNM women (case cohort) and 80 women with an uneventful peri-partum period (control cohort) at the same time.
Contemp Clin Dent
December 2023
Background: Assessment of dental anxiety in children is difficult because of their immature cognitive and emotional development. Drawings are well well-established emotion assessment tool. These can be used as nonverbal methods of communication for expressing the children's anxiety and emotions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Preclinical evidence is needed to assess drug-metabolite behaviour in compromised liver function for developing the best antitubercular treatment (ATT) re-introduction regimen in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The pharmacokinetic behavior of rifampicin (RMP) and its active metabolite des-acetyl-rifampicin (DARP) in DILI's presence is unknown. To study the pharmacokinetic behavior of RMP and DARP in the presence of carbon tetrachloride (CCl) plus ATT-DILI in rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe present study assessed whether applying enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) guidelines for cesarean delivery is feasible in the tertiary care setting with an add-on objective to identify barriers to successful implementation. The cross-sectional study included women undergoing elective CS and willing to participate. The study attempted to understand barriers to ERAS implementation through timely interviewing study participants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: The hepatoprotective properties of scopoletin have been explored in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury but not in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) scenarios. Only N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has proven efficacy in DILI treatment. Accordingly, we conducted a study to assess the hepatoprotective action of scopoletin in the anti-tubercular treatment (ATT)-DILI model in Wistar rats, if any.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2) polymorphism testing could not see the light of success as a biomarker tool in tuberculosis management. Additionally, the antitubercular treatment (ATT) drug's reintroduction regimen variations exist because of the scarcity of robust preclinical evidence on ATT drug metabolism.
Objective: The experiment was planned to understand the pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid (AcINH) in a Wistar rat model of acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl) and preclinical drug-induced liver injury (DILI) model induced with CCl + anti-Tuberculosis (TB) drugs together.
Background: We investigated the pharmacokinetic behavior of pyrazinamide (PZA) and pyrazinoic acid (PA) in the presence of carbon-tetrachloride (CCl) plus antitubercular treatment (ATT) drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in rats.
Methods: Thirty rats utilized in the experiment were separated equally into five groups. Each rat was injected with 0.
Though the chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) management options in India are still limited compared to the novel drug options in resource-rich settings, the availability of less costly generics and the government health insurance scheme has enabled many patients to access the newer drugs in India. The current study compared the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of existing initial management options for the progression-free survival (PFS) time horizon from the patient's perspective. A two-health-state, PFS and progressive disease, Markov model was assumed for three regimens (generics): ibrutinib monotherapy, bendamustine-rituximab (B-R), and rituximab-chlorambucil (RClb) used as the frontline treatment of CLL patients in India.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOnly corticosteroids have confirmed mortality benefits in coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Rational use of costlier drugs with questionable benefits poses a great concern to hospital pharmacies in low middle-income countriesAim: The present study aimed to assess the rational utilization of hospital supply tocilizumab and understand its clinical benefits in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patientsMethods: The Hospital Tocilizumab Committee (HTC) decision support system framework was developed to make patients eligible or ineligible for tocilizumab procurement from the hospital pharmacy. A total of 33 consecutive patients receiving tocilizumab were analyzed retrospectively in the 3-month study period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Implants are preferred for replacement of missing teeth by the clinicians as well as the patients. Lesser alveolar bone density doesn't preclude any individual for choosing this option but warrants for extra caution. Preclinical studies have explored the osteoinductive potential of statins, but results should be analyzed vigorously before implementing them in humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe putative hypolipidemic properties of scopoletin have not been fully confirmed due to a lack of validation in an irreversible chronic hyperlipidemia animal model. The druggability also needs to be studied in terms of bioavailability in the vascular compartment. Accordingly, we conducted a study to assess the hypolipidemic and pharmacokinetic behavior of scopoletin in the high-fructose high-fat diet (HFHFD)-induced dyslipidemia model in Wistar rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Several phyto-chemicals have been identified and suggested as potential therapeutic options for hepatotoxicity management.
Objective: To assess the hepatoprotective effect of scopoletin, a pure phyto-chemical, in carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced hepatotoxicity model in Wistar rats.
Methods: Thirty-six rats in total, six in each group, were utilized in this study.