"Cortical" Wrist Drop due to a Cerebral Peduncle Infarct.

Wrist drops are usually due to a peripheral neuropathy affecting the radial nerve. Cortical wrist drops may occur, usually due to a lesion in the contralateral hand area of the motor cortex. We report a unique case of "cortical" wrist drop due to an acute infarction of the contralateral cerebral peduncle.

Post-Traumatic Carotid Artery Dissection Begins at the Skull Base: A Case Report.

Cervical artery dissection is a rare complication of head and neck trauma. Though it is an infrequent cause of ischaemic stroke, it is more common among the young with cerebral ischaemia. The usual location of carotid dissection is just beyond the carotid bulb.

Imaging in Pulsatile Tinnitus: Case Based Review.

Tinnitus refers to auditory perception of internal origin. It is a relatively common problem and affects men and women equally. Clinically, it may be divided as pulsatile or non-pulsatile and subjective and objective.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related smooth muscle tumors of central nervous system--a report of two cases and review of literature.

Epstein-Barr virus-related smooth muscle cell tumors (EBV-SMTs) are rare albeit increasingly recognized tumors in immunocompromised patients. We report on the imaging features of EBV-SMTs occurring in the central nervous system (CNS) in two patients. Central areas of T2 prolongation, surrounding vasogenic edema, mass effect on adjacent neuroparenchyma, dural tails, and underlying bone erosions were the notable imaging findings.

A method in the madness in ultrasound evaluation of thyroid nodules.

Around 50% of the population harbour thyroid nodules on ultrasonography, up to 7% of which may be malignant irrespective of size. While fine-needle aspiration biopsy is reliable, subjecting every thyroid nodule to this procedure is not cost-effective. Hence, ultrasonography is used primarily to characterise thyroid nodules, whereas nodules that have suspicious features are subject to a fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Imaging in infections of the head and neck.

Infections of the head and neck vary in their clinical course and outcome because of the diversity of organs and anatomic compartments involved. Imaging plays a central role in delineating the anatomic extent of the disease process, identifying the infection source, and detecting complications. The utility of imaging to differentiate between a solid phlegmonous mass and an abscess cannot be overemphasized.

Lacrimal glands: size does matter!

A 40-year-old woman presented with vague headaches and blurred vision. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed bilaterally symmetrical diffuse enlargement of the lacrimal glands. A fine needle biopsy of the lacrimal gland was consistent with sarcoidosis.

Thyroid nodules: risk stratification for malignancy with ultrasound and guided biopsy.

Replacing palpating fingers with an ultrasound (US) probe has resulted in an epidemic of thyroid nodules. Despite the high prevalence of thyroid nodules in the general population, thyroid malignancy is rare. Although no imaging modality can accurately predict the nature of every nodule, high-resolution US is the most sensitive, easily available and cost-effective diagnostic test available to detect thyroid nodules, measure their dimensions and identify their structure.

Differential diagnosis for bilateral abnormalities of the basal ganglia and thalamus.

The basal ganglia and thalamus are paired deep gray matter structures that may be involved by a wide variety of disease entities. The basal ganglia are highly metabolically active and are symmetrically affected in toxic poisoning, metabolic abnormalities, and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Both the basal ganglia and thalamus may be affected by other systemic or metabolic disease, degenerative disease, and vascular conditions.

Dual Energy CT and its use in neuroangiography.

The dual energy CT (DECT) technology has been recently employed in the form of two X-ray sources of different energies to enhance the contrast between adjacent structures. Its use in the cardiac arena has been widely highlighted due to the higher temporal resolution. However, it may also be used in the craniocervical and peripheral vasculature for better differentiation between contrast-enhanced vascular lumina and calcified plaques, in the characterisation of ureteric stones, and in the evaluation of hepatic lesions.

Antenatal 3-dimensional sonographic diagnosis of fetal oropharyngeal teratoma.

We report a case of a large fetal oropharyngeal teratoma in a 19-week fetus evaluated with 3-dimensional (3D) sonography. The 3D sonographic surface and maximum mode rendering of the tumor allowed detailed visualization of the mass lesion and thus enabled active patient participation in the management of the pregnancy.

Early antenatal diagnosis of spina bifida presenting with a "step" in the posterior contour of an 8-week embryo.

We report a case of spina bifida in the upper thoracic spine with an accompanying meningocoele suspected at 8 weeks' gestation via transvaginal sonography and confirmed at 13 weeks' gestation via 3-dimensional sonography. The fetal cranial vault and intracranial structures were normal. The only finding in the 8-week sonogram was a subtle angulation or "step" in the posterior contour of the embryo; this may be attributed to kyphosis, which often accompanies this condition.

Two cases of anomalous origins of left coronary artery with a course between the aortic root and the free standing subpulmonary infundibulum on CT coronary angiography.

Two cases of anomalous origins of the left coronary artery have been demonstrated on a CT coronary angiogram. In one case the left main coronary artery arose from the right aortic sinus of valsalva, separate from the right coronary artery. In the second case there was a single coronary artery arising from the right aortic sinus of valsalva.