Objectives: To evaluate outcomes after implementation of a preoperative protocol requiring fluoroscopic guidance in patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair identified as being at risk for spinal drain placement complications.
Design: This retrospective analysis included patients who underwent spinal drain placement for TAAA repair between November 2013 and November 2018. Patient outcomes were assessed before (control) and after (study) protocol implementation.