Longitudinal neurodevelopmental profile of a pediatric patient with de novo SPTAN1, epilepsy, and left hippocampal sclerosis.

Pathogenic variants in result in abnormal neurodevelopment but limited information is available on the spectrum of neurodevelopmental profiles associated with variations in this gene. We present novel data collected at two time points over a three-year period in a nine-year-old patient with heterozygous de novo variant, drug-resistant epilepsy, and left hippocampal sclerosis. Across evaluations, our patient's performance was highly variable, ranging from below age expectation to within age-expected range.

Corpus callosum size and homotopic connectivity in Autism spectrum disorder.

By examining how morphology of the corpus callosum (CC) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may affect functional communication across hemispheres, we hope to provide new insights into the structure-function relationship in the brain. We used a sample of 94 participants from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) database (55 typically-developing (TD) and 39 with ASD). The CC was segmented into five sub-regions (anterior, mid-anterior, central, mid-posterior, posterior) using FreeSurfer software, which were further examined for group differences.

Neural responses to viewing human faces in autism spectrum disorder: A quantitative meta-analysis of two decades of research.

The human face communicates a wealth of socially relevant information such as person identity, emotion, and intention. A consistent behavioral finding in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is reduced attention to or difficulty drawing meaning from faces. However, neuroimaging research into the neural correlates of face processing differences in ASD has returned mixed results.

The Mid-Fusiform Sulcus in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Establishing a Novel Anatomical Landmark Related to Face Processing.

Despite decades of research, the brain basis of aberrant face processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains a topic of debate. The mid-fusiform sulcus (MFS), a minor feature of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, provides new directions for studying face processing. The MFS closely aligns with face-selective cortical patches and other structural and functional divisions of the fusiform gyrus; however, it has received little attention in clinical populations.

Outcome Assessment of Teeth with Necrotic Pulps and Apical Periodontitis Treated with Long-term Calcium Hydroxide.

Introduction: The aim of this retrospective, cohort case series was 2-fold: (1) to evaluate the outcomes of teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis using long-term calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]) (healing was assessed via the periapical index [PAI] system) and (2) to explore the possible association of fractures in relation to long term Ca(OH) exposure.

Methods: A total of 242 cases, diagnosed with pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis, were treated with long-term Ca(OH) using a standardized protocol. Injectable and powdered Ca(OH) were placed sequentially in the root canal system.

Hyperconnectivity of social brain networks in autism during action-intention judgment.

Deficits in social communication in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been documented using neuroimaging techniques such as functional MRI over the past decade. More recently, functional connectivity MRI has revealed altered connectivity in face processing, mentalizing, and mirroring brain networks, networks involved in the social brain in ASD. However, to our knowledge, previous studies have not examined these three networks concurrently.

Brain Responses Underlying Anthropomorphism, Agency, and Social Attribution in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Background: Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others, is frequently impaired in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and may result from altered activation of social brain regions. Conversely, Typically Developing (TD) individuals overextend ToM and show a strong tendency to anthropomorphize and interpret biological motion in the environment. Less is known about how the degree of anthropomorphism influences intentional attribution and engagement of the social brain in ASD.

Differential recruitment of theory of mind brain network across three tasks: An independent component analysis.

Social neuroscience research has focused on an identified network of brain regions primarily associated with processing Theory of Mind (ToM). However, ToM is a broad cognitive process, which encompasses several sub-processes, such as mental state detection and intentional attribution, and the connectivity of brain regions underlying the broader ToM network in response to paradigms assessing these sub-processes requires further characterization. Standard fMRI analyses which focus only on brain activity cannot capture information about ToM processing at a network level.

Characterization of the facial microbiome in twins discordant for rosacea.

Previously, we determined that genetic and environmental factors contributed equally towards rosacea in twins. To assess an environmental factor, we characterized the malar cheek bacterial microbiome from twins discordant for rosacea. We found no significant difference in facial microbiome alpha and beta diversity between related twins discordant for rosacea.

Hemispheric differences in language processing in autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies.

Language impairments, a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), have been related to neuroanatomical and functional abnormalities. Abnormal lateralization of the functional language network, increased reliance on visual processing areas, and increased posterior brain activation have all been reported in ASD and proposed as explanatory models of language difficulties. Nevertheless, inconsistent findings across studies have prevented a comprehensive characterization of the functional language network in ASD.

Incorporating Cutaneous and Wound Bacterial Bioburden Biomarkers into Clinical Research: A Review of Best Practices.

Purpose: To provide information about initiating interdisciplinary research related to microbiomes and their role in human immunity, disease, and metabolic processes.

Target Audience: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

Objectives: After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:1.

Language and motor cortex response to comprehending accidental and intentional action sentences.

Understanding the meaning of others' actions involves mentally simulating those actions by oneself. Embodied theories of language espouse a prominent role for motor simulation in reading comprehension, especially when words, sentences, or narratives portray everyday actions. Inherent in these actions is the level of agency of the actor.

Use of 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative PCR to correlate venous leg ulcer bacterial bioburden dynamics with wound expansion, antibiotic therapy, and healing.

Clinical diagnosis of infection in chronic wounds is currently limited to subjective clinical signs and culture-based methods that underestimate the complexity of wound microbial bioburden as revealed by DNA-based microbial identification methods. Here, we use 16S rRNA next generation sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to characterize weekly changes in bacterial load, community structure, and diversity associated with a chronic venous leg ulcer over the 15-week course of treatment and healing. Our DNA-based methods and detailed sampling scheme reveal that the bacterial bioburden of the wound is unexpectedly dynamic, including changes in the bacterial load and community structure that correlate with wound expansion, antibiotic therapy, and healing.

Crystal Diagnostics MultiPath System™.

The Crystal Diagnostics MultiPath System™ provides rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157 in fresh raw ground beef, raw beeftrim, and spinach. The Crystal Diagnostics system combines patented Liquid Crystal technology with antibody-coated paramagnetic microspheres to selectively capture and detect E. coli O157 in food matrixes.

Community Violence Exposure and Callous-Unemotional Traits in Adolescents: Testing Parental Support as a Promotive Versus Protective Factor.

Although callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with maladjustment in youth, literature predicting CU using prospective designs is rare. In the present study we examine associations between exposure to community violence, supportive relationships with caregivers, and CU in a sample of 236 low-income youth ( age = 13.00 yrs, = 1.

Utilization of DNA as a sole source of phosphorus, carbon, and energy by Shewanella spp.: ecological and physiological implications for dissimilatory metal reduction.

The solubility of orthophosphate (PO4(3-)) in iron-rich sediments can be exceedingly low, limiting the bioavailability of this essential nutrient to microbial populations that catalyze critical biogeochemical reactions. Here we demonstrate that dissolved extracellular DNA can serve as a sole source of phosphorus, as well as carbon and energy, for metal-reducing bacteria of the genus Shewanella. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, Shewanella putrefaciens CN32, and Shewanella sp.

A simple radioassay for angiotensin-converting enzyme.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme can be measured by the rate of release of 3H-labelled hippurate from p-[3H]benzoylglycylglycylglycine. The product is separable from the substrate by extraction of acidified reaction mixtures with ethyl acetate. Assay results for human serum angiotensin-converting enzyme can be obtained within 1.