Impact of tuberculosis on glycaemic status: A neglected association.

Background & Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor for tuberculosis and has received increasing emphasis. However, the reverse association of tuberculosis impacting blood sugar levels has not been well studied. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of hyperglycemia in patients with tuberculosis and assess its resolution following successful treatment of tuberculosis.

Evolving management of insulinoma: Experience at a tertiary care centre.

Background & Objectives: Since our previous study in 2006, several new modalities for localization of cause of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia such as multiphasic computed tomography (CT), multiphasic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), intraoperative ultrasound, and intra-arterial calcium infusion with arterial stimulation venous sampling (ASVS) have become available. Therefore, to evaluate the relative usefulness of various imaging modalities to guide future management in terms of diagnosis and patient care, we analyzed presentation and management of patients of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia.

Methods: In this retrospective study, medical records of patients admitted with endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia were retrieved.

Gender Issues and Related Social Stigma Affecting Patients with a Disorder of Sex Development in India.

Children with disorders of sex development (DSD) manifest at birth with malformed genitalia or later with atypical pubertal development. Those born with malformed genitalia are often diagnosed at birth. However, in resource-poor countries like India, where not all births are supervised by healthcare workers, some of these children remain undiagnosed until puberty or even later.

Effect of Different Insulin Response Patterns During Oral Glucose Tolerance Test on Glycemia in Individuals with Normal Glucose Tolerance.

Background: Research is still going on for detecting the earliest glucose homeostasis derangements in individuals, which is crucial for the prevention of glucose intolerance. This cross-sectional study analyzes different insulin response patterns during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and their implications on glycemia in normoglycemic individuals.

Subjects And Methods: The sample frame was the "Offspring of Individuals with Diabetes Study" database.

Phenotype, genotype and gender identity in a large cohort of patients from India with 5α-reductase 2 deficiency.

Deficiency of the 5α-reductase 2 enzyme impairs the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and differentiation of external genitalia, seminal vesicles and prostate in males. The present study describes the phenotype, genotype and gender identity in a large cohort of patients with 5αRD2. All patients underwent detailed clinical evaluation, hormonal profile, karyotyping and molecular analysis of the SRD5A2 gene.

Clinical profile and inheritance pattern of CYP21A2 gene mutations in patients with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia from 10 families.

Context: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the CYP21A2 gene. Genetic diagnosis of 21-OH deficiency causing CAH is more complicated than any other monogenic disorder due to high variability of the locus. The disease has a wide spectrum of clinical variants making it difficult to establish a genotyp-phenotype correlation.

Accuracy of 68Ga DOTANOC PET/CT Imaging in Patients With Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ⁶⁸Ga DOTANOC PET/CT imaging in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes.

Patients And Methods: Data of 33 patients (age, 33.5 [13.

Evaluation of (68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT imaging in a large exclusive population of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of (68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT imaging in a large exclusive population of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).

Methods: Data of 141 (mean age 46.2 ± 15.

Menstrual irregularities, fertility status, and ovarian function in female patients with leprosy in India.

Background: Gonadal involvement in males in lepromatous leprosy is not uncommon, but there is a paucity of literature on the involvement of gonads in female patients with leprosy. This study was undertaken to determine if there is any menstrual dysfunction, alteration in fertility status and circulating luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, and estradiol in female patients with paucibacillary (PB) and multibacillary (MB) leprosy.

Materials And Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 229 patients with leprosy (79 with PB leprosy and 150 with MB leprosy) and 100 age-matched non-leprosy controls were evaluated for menstrual function, fertility status, and circulating sex hormones.

Comparison of the prognostic values of 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor.

Purpose: To determine the prognostic value of (68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT in patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET), and to compare the prognostic value with that of (18)F-FDG PET/CT and other conventional clinicopathological prognostic factors.

Methods: Data from 37 consecutive patients (age 46.6 ± 13.

Bilateral thecoma presenting as premenopausal hirsutism: Laproscopic removal.

Hyperandrogenism is a common disorder among women in the reproductive age group. One of the rare causes for androgen excess is sex cord- stromal tumors of the ovary. These are usually unilateral.

Etiology and clinical profile of patients with Cushing's syndrome: A single center experience.

Background: There is little published literature on the profile of patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) from India. The aim of this study was to compile data of CS patients treated at this hospital.

Materials And Methods: Patients referred to the endocrine services of this hospital for diagnosis/treatment of CS from January 1985 to July 2012 were the subjects for this study.

⁶⁸Ga-DOTATOC PET-CT in the localization of source of ectopic ACTH in patients with ectopic ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome.

Localization of the source of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) in ectopic ACTH-induced Cushing's syndrome is of paramount importance as definitive management mainly involves surgical resection of tumor. Many of these are occult, not identified by conventional structural imaging. Accurate localization and assessment of their functional status has become feasible with the use positron emission tomography-computerized tomography using (68)Ga-DOTATOC (1,4,7,10-tetraazacy-clododecane-NI,NII,NIII,NIIII-tetraacetic acid(D)-Phe1-thy3-octreotide), aiding in proper planning for their definitive management.

Diagnostic accuracy of (68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT imaging in pheochromocytoma.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of (68)Ga-DOTANOC positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in patients with suspicion of pheochromocytoma.

Methods: Data of 62 patients [age 34.3 ± 16.

Progression of puberty after initiation of androgen therapy in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Background: Onset of puberty in boys usually occurs by 14 years of age. Some boys may exhibit delayed sexual maturation till about 17-18 years of age. However, pubertal onset beyond 18 years of age is exceedingly rare.

Novel nucleotide insertions in two unrelated Indian patients with 5α reductase 2 deficiency leading to premature termination of SRD5A2 enzyme.

T is converted to a more potent androgen, DHT by the action of microsomal membrane enzyme 5α reductase 2. Defects in 5α reductase 2 isozyme results in incomplete virilisation of external male genitalia. Mutations in SRD5A2 gene leads to diminished enzyme activity, thus hampering DHT synthesis from T.

Morning plasma cortisol is low among obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause for androgen excess in women. It is associated with wide variety of metabolic disorders. The present study assessed morning plasma cortisol in women with PCOS.

Prenatal treatment of mothers with fetuses at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: How relevant is it to Indian context?

Management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) from embryonic stage to adulthood is a critical challenge. We would like to comment on some of the practical difficulties in offering prenatal treatment for CAH-affected fetuses in Indian population. For initiating the prenatal dexamethasone (DEX) treatment, all members of the family need to be informed about the risks and benefits of the treatment to the mother and the fetus as well as about the available invasive diagnostic tests to determine the gender and genotype of the fetus.

Internal jugular vein: Peripheral vein adrenocorticotropic hormone ratio in patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent Cushing's syndrome: Ratio calculated from one adrenocorticotropic hormone sample each from right and left internal jugular vein during corticotrophin releasing hormone stimulation test.

Background: DEMONSTRATION OF CENTRAL: Peripheral adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) gradient is important for diagnosis of Cushing's disease.

Aim: THE AIM WAS TO ASSESS THE UTILITY OF INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN (IJV): Peripheral vein ACTH ratio for diagnosis of Cushing's disease.

Materials And Methods: Patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS) patients were the subjects for this study.

Psychosexual outcomes in three siblings with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome: impact of nature versus nurture.

There are few reports of adults with disorders of sexual development (DSD). Here we describe the clinical profile and results of psychological assessment of three siblings with 46, XY DSD caused by partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS). The elder sibling (aged 22 years) was reared as female, while the middle and youngest siblings (17 and 18 years of age), were reared as males.

Precocious puberty in girls.

Precocious puberty in girls can be due to number of factors of which idiopathic central precocious puberty is the most common etiology. Here, we describe 3 cases of precocious puberty where the first case had premature thelarche in the background history of mother with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, cases 2 and 3 had ovarian tumours with heterogeneity in presentation.

Prevalence of standing plantar pressure distribution variation in north Asian Indian patients with diabetes mellitus: a study to understand ulcer formation.

Diabetes Mellitus is a disorder of metabolism. Foot problems are common in diabetes and altered plantar pressures distribution may lead to ulceration in people with Diabetes Mellitus. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate standing plantar pressure distribution variations in north Asian Indian diabetes mellitus subjects and its association with duration of diabetes.