[Lower urinary tract disorders in brain-damaged patients].

Bladder function is controlled by the autonomic and somatic nervous system in the spinal cord. It is coordinated in the brainstem. Different areas of the brain are involved in the voluntary control of this reflex functioning.

Virtual reality improves embodiment and neuropathic pain caused by spinal cord injury.

Objective: To investigate changes in body ownership and chronic neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) using multisensory own body illusions and virtual reality (VR).

Methods: Twenty patients with SCI with paraplegia and 20 healthy control participants (HC) participated in 2 factorial, randomized, repeated-measures design studies. In the virtual leg illusion (VLI), we applied asynchronous or synchronous visuotactile stimulation to the participant's back (either immediately above the lesion level or at the shoulder) and to the virtual legs as seen on a VR head-mounted display.

[Steps to improve the quality of urinary incontinence care].

Urinary incontinence is a frequent symptom rarely spontaneously reported. This emphasizes the need to address it in every patient. Once disclosed, its origin needs to be specified so that therapeutic issues may be reached.