Ultrastructure abnormalities of collagen and elastin in Arab patients with arterial tortuosity syndrome.

Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by elongation and tortuosity of the large- and medium-sized arteries. ATS patients display features that are also found in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) patients. ATS is caused by pathogenic mutations in the SLC2A10 gene, which encodes for the glucose transporter, GLUT10.

Plasmablastic lymphoma of the rectum: case report of a rare location and literature review.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an aggressive and rare variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which is thought to occur in immunocompromised individuals, specifically HIV-positive patients. We report the case of a 27-year-old Saudi male with PBL. The patient had a low CD4 count at presentation, however, he was HIV negative at the time of diagnosis; also Human herpesvirus-8 was negative on immunohistochemical stain, but Epstein-Barr virus showed expression in scattered cells through the utilization of EBV-EBER.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease.

Background: Diagnosing primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) is complex and can be very challenging. In addition, information about the prognostic factors is limited.

Aims: We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors that impact pSS-ILD survival.

The effect of low versus high tidal volume ventilation on inflammatory markers in animal model undergoing lung ventilation: A prospective study.

Background And Aims: Mechanical ventilation (MV) with high tidal volume (Vt.) may induce or aggravate lung injury in critically ill patients. It might also cause an overwhelming systemic inflammation leading to acute lung injury (ALI), diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and multiple organ failure (MOF) with subsequent high mortality.

Prognostic significance of estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors' status conversion following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer: Results from a tertiary Cancer Center in Saudi Arabia.

Background: The prognostic impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on the receptor expression status in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is still not fully understood. We aimed to evaluate the changes in hormone (estrogen and progesterone) receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status post-NAC and their correlation with survival.

Methods: Patients with LABC who have received NAC between 2008 and 2015 and have been followed up till December 2019 at the Oncology Center, King Saud University, KSA were analyzed retrospectively.

Pathological spectrum of endometrial biopsies in Saudi women with abnormal uterine bleeding: A retrospective study of 13-years.

Objectives: To assess and age stratify the types and frequencies of endometrial pathologies in Saudi women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) that underwent endometrial biopsies, at our hospital over a 13-year period.

Methods: In a retrospective study, from 2006 to 2018, all endometrial biopsies from Saudi women with AUB, reported at the laboratory of King Saud University-Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were revisited and analyzed. The women were categorized into <40, between 40-55 and >55 years of age.

A case of dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria with an associated eyelid hemangioma.

Introduction And Importance: Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) are rare autosomal dominant pigmentary genodermatosis characterized by reticular hyper- and hypopigmented skin macules on the dorsal aspect of the extremities and freckle-like spots on the face, sparing the palms and soles. Cutaneous hemangiomas were not reported in the literature with DSH. We describe for the first time to the best of our knowledge a case of DSH with histopathologically confirmed eyelid hemangioma.

Prognostic Significance of HER2 Expression Changes Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Saudi Patients With Locally Advanced Breast Cancer.

Background: Progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) significantly influence disease prognosis and therapeutic response in patients with breast cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can change the receptor status, affecting the disease characteristics.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out at a single tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from December 2008 to December 2014, where 91 adult female patients diagnosed with locally advanced breast cancer planning to receive NACT were included.

Clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common subtype of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Information about the associated comorbidities and predictors of survival among Saudi patients with IPF is limited.

Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the clinical characteristics, associated comorbidities, and prognostic factors that impact IPF survival.

Clinical significance of minor salivary gland biopsy in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

Background: Significant overlap may occur between idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and connective tissue diseases (CTDs) that do not meet the established classification criteria for any known CTDs (i.e., occult CTD).

MicroRNA-3148 acts as molecular switch promoting malignant transformation and adipocytic differentiation of immortalized human bone marrow stromal cells via direct targeting of the SMAD2/TGFβ pathway.

MicroRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) play a key role in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and are implicated in a number of physiological and pathological conditions, including cellular malignant transformation. In the current study, we investigated the role of miR-3148 in regulating human stromal (mesenchymal) stem cell (hMSC) differentiation and transformation. Stable expression of miR-3148 in telomerized hMSC (hMSC-miR-3148) led to significant increase in in vitro adipocytic differentiation and suppression of osteoblastic differentiation.

Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma with Misleading Clinical Appearance: A Case Report of an Eyelid Lesion.

BACKGROUND Sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is a rare malignant lesion that occurs on the eyelids. It is known to mimic other benign or malignant lesions in clinical presentation, such as a chalazion, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The histopathological diagnosis is the mainstay for diagnosis and is often challenging.

MicroRNA Expression Profiling on Paired Primary and Lymph Node Metastatic Breast Cancer Revealed Distinct microRNA Profile Associated With LNM.

Breast cancer (BC) is the foremost cause of cancer-related deaths in women. BC patients are oftentimes presented with lymph node metastasis (LNM), which increases their risk of recurrence. Compelling data have recently implicated microRNAs in promoting BC metastasis.

Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the eyelid conjunctiva - A case report and review of the literature.

Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) are uncommon plasma cell tumors that develop in soft tissue as isolated tumors without osseous involvement while secondary lesions are associated with systemic multiple myeloma (MM). Primary extramedullary lesions are most commonly found in upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and lymph nodes. They can be found either in patients with history of MM or preceding the manifestation of a systemic disease.

Effects of various doses of glutathione on the proliferation, viability, migration, and ultrastructure of cultured human melanocytes.

Normal human cultured melanocytes were exposed to various glutathione concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.

Linear dermatomyofibroma over the nape of neck: a report of an unusual case and literature review.

Dermatomyofibroma is a rare cutaneous mesenchymal tumor of benign fibroblastic and myofibroblastic derivations. It predominantly affects young women, and it usually presents as a reddish-brown plaque or nodule, which is commonly located over the upper trunk. We report the case of a 41-year-old female patient who presented with progressive linear dermatomyofibroma over the nape of her neck.

Safety and efficacy of parenteral glutathione as a promising skin lightening agent: A controlled assessor blinded pharmacohistologic and ultrastructural study in an animal model.

Hyperpigmentation was induced in the skin of experimental animals using UVB at 6 J/cm three times a week for three consecutive weeks. Subsequently, glutathione was injected intraperitoneally in the experimental animals at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg body weight three times a week for three consecutive weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples and lung, kidney, liver, and skin tissue specimens were collected from animals for hematological, biochemical, histological, and electron microscopy examination.

A Multicenter Study of the Impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on the incidence of Pathologic Complete Response (pCR) Among Saudi Patients with locally advanced Breast cancer (LABC) post Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC).

Purpose: Obesity was reported to be a poor prognostic factor for breast cancer. There is a growing evidence of increasing prevalence of obesity among Saudi women across all age groups (44%). Since the prognostic significance of obesity was not studied in Saudi patients with breast cancer, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of BMI on pCR in LABC patients post NAC.

Neoplastic Transformation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Mediated via LIN28B.

Bone marrow stromal (Mesenchymal) stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent bone cells capable of differentiating into mesoderm-type cells, such as osteoblasts and adipocytes. Existing evidence suggests that transformation of MSCs gives rise to sarcoma. In order to identify the molecular mechanism leading to spontaneous transformation of human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs), we performed comprehensive microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA profiling in the transformed hBMSC-Tum line compared to the parental clone.

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia: Unusual presentation.

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNEC) is an abnormal proliferation of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells that occur without underlying etiology. Here, we report a unique case of 55-year-old female with unusual presentation of DIPNECH and thymoma and on the background history of Crohn's disease that might point toward an autoimmune phenomenon. To the best of our knowledge, there were no previous reports of DIPNECH with either thymoma or Crohn's disease.

Carnitine Supplementation Attenuates Sunitinib-Induced Inhibition of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Downstream Signals in Cardiac Tissues.

This study has been initiated to investigate whether sunitinib (SUN) alters the expression of key genes engaged in mitochondrial transport and oxidation of long chain fatty acids (LCFA), and if so, whether these alterations should be viewed as a mechanism of SUN-induced cardiotoxicity, and to explore the molecular mechanisms whereby carnitine supplementation could attenuate SUN-induced cardiotoxicity. Adult male Wister albino rats were assigned to one of the four treatment groups: Rats in group 1 received no treatment but free access to tap water for 28 days. Rats in group 2 received L-carnitine (200 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 28 days.

Extensive Paneth cell metaplasia in an ovarian Krukenberg tumor: report of an unusual case and literature review.

Paneth cells are classified as secretory cells which are normally found in the cecum and ascending colon. Their presence in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract is regarded as abnormal and indicates metaplasia. Paneth cells may also be rarely found in gastrointestinal, biliary and prostatic tumors.

Gastric xanthelasma associated with hyperplastic polyp and mucosal erosions: report of an unusual case and literature review.

Gastric xanthelasma is a rare benign tumor-like lesion which is usually observed as an incidental finding due to its asymptomatic presentation. Grossly, it is a well-demarcated yellow-white plaque which is microscopically formed by clusters of foamy macrophages in the lamina propria. The pathogenesis and clinical significance are not clear.

An Unusual Case of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Appendix Masquerading as Acute Appendicitis.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is reported virtually in every anatomic location of the body, but most cases are commonly identified in the mesentery and omentum. The etiology of this tumor is unclear with many suggestions of viral, inflammatory, or oncogenic mutational factors that establish it as a clonal neoplasm. Clinical and laboratory workup, including roentgenography, is not usually helpful to reach a pre- or intraoperative diagnosis.